Evidence for Dosage Compensation in Coccinia grandis, a Plant with a Highly Heteromorphic XY System.

Genes
Cécile FruchardGabriel A B Marais

Abstract

About 15,000 angiosperms are dioecious, but the mechanisms of sex determination in plants remain poorly understood. In particular, how Y chromosomes evolve and degenerate, and whether dosage compensation evolves as a response, are matters of debate. Here, we focus on Coccinia grandis, a dioecious cucurbit with the highest level of X/Y heteromorphy recorded so far. We identified sex-linked genes using RNA sequences from a cross and a model-based method termed SEX-DETector. Parents and F1 individuals were genotyped, and the transmission patterns of SNPs were then analyzed. In the >1300 sex-linked genes studied, maximum X-Y divergence was 0.13-0.17, and substantial Y degeneration is implied by an average Y/X expression ratio of 0.63 and an inferred gene loss on the Y of ~40%. We also found reduced Y gene expression being compensated by elevated expression of corresponding genes on the X and an excess of sex-biased genes on the sex chromosomes. Molecular evolution of sex-linked genes in C. grandis is thus comparable to that in Silene latifolia, another dioecious plant with a strongly heteromorphic XY system, and cucurbits are the fourth plant family in which dosage compensation is described, suggesting it might be common in plants.

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Citations

Feb 20, 2021·Molecular Ecology·Michail Rovatsos, Lukáš Kratochvíl
Feb 17, 2021·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Deborah Charlesworth
Apr 20, 2021·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Aline MuyleJames M A Turner
May 13, 2021·The New Phytologist·Djivan PrentoutGabriel A B Marais

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
PRJEB39318

Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-seq
genotyping
ICE
PCR

Software Mentioned

GSNAP
LimmaVoom
SEX
utils FASTQ
Samtools
Trinnotate
Trinity TransDecoder
GOSeq
custom
riboPicker

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