Evidence of a chimeric genome in the cyanobacterial ancestor of plastids.

BMC Evolutionary Biology
Jeferson GrossDebashish Bhattacharya

Abstract

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a vexing fact of life for microbial phylogeneticists. Given the substantial rates of HGT observed in modern-day bacterial chromosomes, it is envisaged that ancient prokaryotic genomes must have been similarly chimeric. But where can one find an ancient prokaryotic genome that has maintained its ancestral condition to address this issue? An excellent candidate is the cyanobacterial endosymbiont that was harnessed over a billion years ago by a heterotrophic protist, giving rise to the plastid. Genetic remnants of the endosymbiont are still preserved in plastids as a highly reduced chromosome encoding 54 - 264 genes. These data provide an ideal target to assess genome chimericism in an ancient cyanobacterial lineage. Here we demonstrate that the origin of the plastid-encoded gene cluster for menaquinone/phylloquinone biosynthesis in the extremophilic red algae Cyanidiales contradicts a cyanobacterial genealogy. These genes are relics of an ancestral cluster related to homologs in Chlorobi/Gammaproteobacteria that we hypothesize was established by HGT in the progenitor of plastids, thus providing a 'footprint' of genome chimericism in ancient cyanobacteria. In addition to menB, four components of t...Continue Reading

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Feb 18, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Michelle AstIlka Haferkamp
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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
EU281345

Software Mentioned

Wise2
ProtTest
ClustalW
MEGA
CONSEL
TREEPUZZLE
FGENESH
PHYLLO
BLASTP
PHYML

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