Evidence of increased systemic glucose production and gluconeogenesis in an early stage of NIDDM

Diabetes
G PerrielloG B Bolli

Abstract

To assess the mechanisms of fasting hyperglycemia in NIDDM patients with mild elevation of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) compared with NIDDM patients with overt hyperglycemia, we studied 29 patients with NIDDM, who were divided in two groups according to their fasting plasma glucose (<7.8 and > or =7.8 mmol/l for groups A and B, respectively), and 16 control subjects who were matched with NIDDM patients for age, sex, and body mass index. All subjects were infused with [3-3H]glucose between 10:00 P.M. and 10:00 A.M. during overnight fasting to determine glucose fluxes. In 27 subjects (17 diabetic and 10 control), [U-14C]alanine was simultaneously infused between 4:00 A.M. and 10:00 A.M. to measure gluconeogenesis (GNG) from alanine. Arterialized-venous plasma samples were collected every 30 min for measurement of glucose fluxes, GNG, and glucoregulatory hormones. In group A, plasma glucose, rate of systemic glucose production (SGP), and GNG were greater than in control subjects (7.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 4.9 +/- 0.1 mmol/l, 10.9 +/- 0.2 vs. 9.5 +/- 0.3 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), and 0.58 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.37 +/- 0.02 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), respectively, for group A and control subjects; mean value 8:00 A.M.-10:00 A.M., all P < 0.05). ...Continue Reading

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