Evidence of long-lived founder virus in mother-to-child HIV transmission

PloS One
Sivapragashini DanaviahMarie-Louise Newell

Abstract

Exposure of the infant's gut to cell-associated and cell-free HIV-1 trafficking in breast milk (BM) remains a primary cause of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). The mammary gland represents a unique environment for HIV-1 replication and host-virus interplay. We aimed to explore the origin of the virus transmitted during breastfeeding, and the link with quasi-species found in acellular and cellular fractions of breast-milk (BM) and in maternal plasma. The C2-V5 region of the env gene was amplified, cloned and sequenced from the RNA and DNA of BM, the RNA from the mother's plasma (PLA) and the DNA from infant's dried blood spot (DBS) in 11 post-natal mother-infant pairs. Sequences were assembled in Geneious, aligned in ClustalX, manually edited in SeAL and phylogenetic reconstruction was undertaken in PhyML and MrBayes. We estimated the timing of transmission (ETT) and reconstructed the time for the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of the infant in BEAST. Transmission of single quasi-species was observed in 9 of 11 cases. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated a BM transmission event by cell-free virus in 4 cases, and by cell-associated virus in 2 cases but could not be identified in the remaining 5 cases. Molecular clock estima...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 15, 2017·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Angela M AmedeeKristina De Paris
Oct 26, 2018·Journal of Translational Medicine·Roxane SchaubEdouard Tuaillon
Sep 12, 2017·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Gert U Van ZylMary F Kearney

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
DNA Cell assay
restriction

Software Mentioned

ModelTest
MrBayes
BioNJ
PhyML
Rega Subtyping tool
Geneious
ClustalX
BEAST
TreeAnnotator
Tracer

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