Evolution and diversity of CO2 concentrating mechanisms in cyanobacteria

Functional Plant Biology : FPB
Murray R BadgerG Dean Price

Abstract

Cyanobacteria have developed an effective photosynthetic CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) for improving the efficiency of carboxylation by a relatively inefficient Rubisco. The development of this CCM was presumably in response to the decline in atmospheric CO2 levels and rising O2, both of which were triggered by the development of oxygenic photosynthesis by cyanobacteria themselves. In the past few years there has been a rapid expansion in our understanding of the mechanism and genes responsible for the CCM. In addition, there has been a recent expansion in the availability of complete cyanobacterial genomes, thus increasing our potential to examine questions regarding both the evolution and diversity of components of the CCM across cyanobacteria. This paper considers various CCM and photosynthesis gene components across eight cyanobacteria where significant genomic information is available. Significant conclusions from our analysis of the distribution of various genes indicated the following. Firstly, cyanobacteria have developed with two types of carboxysomes, and this is correlated with the form of Rubisco present. We have coined the terms α-cyanobacteria to refer to cyanobacteria containing Form 1A Rubisco and α-carboxys...Continue Reading

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