Evolution exacerbates the paradox of the plankton.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Noam ShoreshRoy Kishony

Abstract

Can biodiversity evolve and persist in a uniform environment? This question is at the heart of the plankton paradox: in the natural world we observe many species sharing few resources, whereas the principle of competitive exclusion would lead us to expect that only a few species could coexist in such circumstances. To bridge the gap between theory and observation, previous studies have shown that the maximum number of species that can stably coexist is equal to the number of essential resources and that even more species can coexist out of equilibrium. These studies were viewed as a significant step toward a resolution of the paradox. Evolutionary dynamics, however, have been studied in this context only in limited cases, and it is largely unknown how mutations impact ecologically stable multispecies states, and whether large species consortia can spontaneously evolve. In the present study we introduce evolution to the standard ecological model of competition for essential resources. Combining numeric and analytic approaches, we find that ecologically stable species communities are severely destabilized by long-term evolutionary dynamics. Moreover, the number of species in spontaneously evolved consortia is much lower than the ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 23, 2010·Bulletin of Mathematical Biology·Alexander N GorbanTatiana A Tyukina
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Feb 9, 2011·Nature Reviews. Genetics·Kevin R Foster
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Aug 4, 2021·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Massimo Amicone, Isabel Gordo
Jan 1, 2022·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Anshuman SwainWilliam F Fagan

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