Evolution of an ancient venom: recognition of a novel family of cnidarian toxins and the common evolutionary origin of sodium and potassium neurotoxins in sea anemone

Molecular Biology and Evolution
Mahdokht JouiaeiBryan G Fry

Abstract

Despite Cnidaria (sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and hydroids) being the oldest venomous animal lineage, structure-function relationships, phyletic distributions, and the molecular evolutionary regimes of toxins encoded by these intriguing animals are poorly understood. Hence, we have comprehensively elucidated the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of pharmacologically characterized cnidarian toxin families, including peptide neurotoxins (voltage-gated Na(+) and K(+) channel-targeting toxins: NaTxs and KTxs, respectively), pore-forming toxins (actinoporins, aerolysin-related toxins, and jellyfish toxins), and the newly discovered small cysteine-rich peptides (SCRiPs). We show that despite long evolutionary histories, most cnidarian toxins remain conserved under the strong influence of negative selection-a finding that is in striking contrast to the rapid evolution of toxin families in evolutionarily younger lineages, such as cone snails and advanced snakes. In contrast to the previous suggestions that implicated SCRiPs in the biomineralization process in corals, we demonstrate that they are potent neurotoxins that are likely involved in the envenoming function, and thus represent the first family of neurotoxin...Continue Reading

References

Apr 1, 1997·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·M IshidaK Shiomi
Oct 29, 1998·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·R S Norton, P K Pallaghy
Feb 3, 1999·Journal of Molecular Evolution·R M Kini, Y M Chan
Nov 2, 2001·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Gregor Anderluh, Peter Macek
Apr 23, 2003·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Isao FukudaToshiki Watanabe
Dec 31, 2003·Journal of Molecular Biology·Herman W T van VlijmenJuswinder Singh
Mar 23, 2004·Nucleic Acids Research·Robert C Edgar
Aug 20, 2004·The Biochemical Journal·Ion Gutiérrez-AguirreJuan M González-Mañas
Oct 29, 2004·Bioinformatics·Sergei L Kosakovsky PondSpencer V Muse
Dec 28, 2004·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Thomas F Duda, Alan J Kohn
Feb 4, 2005·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Ziheng YangRasmus Nielsen
Apr 13, 2005·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Daniel SherEliahu Zlotkin
Dec 24, 2005·Marine Biotechnology·Tomohiro Honma, Kazuo Shiomi
Nov 11, 2006·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Jaime J Smith, Kenneth M Blumenthal
May 8, 2007·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Ziheng Yang
Aug 8, 2007·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Daniel SherEliahu Zlotkin
Feb 5, 2008·Peptides·Tomohiro HonmaKazuo Shiomi
May 3, 2008·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology·Sonomi MinagawaKazuo Shiomi
Aug 5, 2008·Trends in Genetics : TIG·Charles N DavidThomas W Holstein
Feb 10, 2009·Experimental & Applied Acarology·Jason A Dunlop, Paul A Selden
Mar 10, 2009·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Katarina Crnigoj KristanGregor Anderluh
Mar 10, 2009·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Yehu MoranMichael Gurevitz
Mar 10, 2009·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Olga Castañeda, Alan L Harvey
Mar 14, 2009·Comptes rendus biologies·Nicolas Vidal, S Blair Hedges
Apr 28, 2009·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Enzo WankeEmanuele Schiavon
Jul 7, 2009·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Tom Turk, William R Kem
Dec 19, 2009·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Hagar WeinbergerMichael Gurevitz
Mar 17, 2010·Nature·Jarrod A ChapmanRobert E Steele
Sep 1, 2008·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part D, Genomics & Proteomics·André Junqueira ZaharenkoJosé Carlos de Freitas
Dec 1, 2008·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part D, Genomics & Proteomics·Sophie RichierVirginia M Weis
Aug 7, 2010·Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology·José Miguel MancheñoIrwin J Goldstein
Nov 5, 2010·Trends in Genetics : TIG·Robert E SteeleUlrich Technau
Feb 22, 2011·Bioinformatics·Diego DarribaDavid Posada
Mar 11, 2011·Development·Ulrich Technau, Robert E Steele

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 23, 2015·Toxins·Mahdokht JouiaeiBryan G Fry
Oct 16, 2015·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Jason MacranderMarymegan Daly
Sep 13, 2015·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Li DingZongyun Chen
Jul 3, 2016·Integrative and Comparative Biology·J Gorson, M Holford
Aug 2, 2018·Journal of Molecular Evolution·Kate BaumannBryan Fry
May 28, 2019·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Maria Y SachkovaYehu Moran
Jun 5, 2019·Marine Drugs·Bruno MadioEivind A B Undheim
Feb 22, 2017·The Biochemical Journal·Juan J Calvete
Oct 24, 2019·Ecology and Evolution·Joachim M SurmPeter J Prentis
Oct 28, 2019·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Jack C H IpJian-Wen Qiu
Apr 22, 2020·GigaScience·Yunfeng LiZunchun Zhou
Dec 13, 2016·Toxins·Jason Macrander, Marymegan Daly
Jul 9, 2016·Genome Biology and Evolution·Jason MacranderMarymegan Daly
Mar 16, 2017·Natural Product Reports·John W BluntMichèle R Prinsep
Sep 1, 2018·Science·Mandë HolfordRaymond S Norton
May 26, 2018·Marine Drugs·Elena LeychenkoEmma Kozlovskaya
Jul 28, 2019·Marine Drugs·Santos Ramírez-CarretoClaudia Rodríguez-Almazán
Aug 9, 2020·Marine Drugs·Anna M L KlompenSérgio N Stampar
Jul 23, 2019·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Wynand van LosenoordCarminita Lara Frost
Nov 10, 2020·Journal of Natural Products·Casey A SchmidtNorelle L Daly

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.