Evolution of an X-linked primate-specific micro RNA cluster

Molecular Biology and Evolution
Jingjing LiZhaolei Zhang

Abstract

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs, which posttranscriptionally repress protein production of the targeted messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Accumulating evidence has suggested lineage-specific miRNAs have contributed to lineage-specific characteristics. However, the birth and death of these miRNAs, particularly in primates, largely remain unexplored. We herein characterized the evolutionary history of a newly discovered miRNA cluster on primate X-chromosome, spanning a approximately 33-kb region in human Xq27.3. The cluster consists of six distinct miRNAs, four of which are compactly organized in a 3-kb region belonging to a phylogenetic group distinct from the other two miRNAs. By comparing the genomic structure of this cluster in human with four other primates (chimpanzee, orangutan, rhesus macaque, and marmoset), we identified several previously uncovered miRNAs in these primates that share orthology with the human miRNAs. We found the entire miRNA cluster was well conserved among primate species but unidentifiable in other mammalian species (including mouse, rat, cat, dog, horse, cow, opossum, and platypus), suggesting that the formation of this cluster was after the primate-rodent split but before the emergenc...Continue Reading

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