Evolution of Clinical Pharmacy in the USA and Future Directions for Patient Care

Drugs & Aging
Barry L Carter

Abstract

This paper describes key events in pharmaceutical education, training, practice, and research that have occurred over the past 55 years. Some of these events included the development of the doctor of pharmacy degree, residency training, and co-location of clinical pharmacists in patient care areas. These changes not only necessitated more specialized training but then led to board certification to ensure quality patient care. Specific examples of the research that have supported the involvement of clinical pharmacists in direct patient care will be discussed.

References

Aug 1, 1976·Annals of Internal Medicine·J H Hull, F A Sarubbi
May 1, 1992·The Annals of Pharmacotherapy·B L Carter, D K Helling
Aug 31, 1972·The New England Journal of Medicine·G Levy, T Tsuchiya
Dec 1, 1981·Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy·D K Helling
Oct 1, 1984·Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy·B L CarterC A Waterbury
Jan 1, 1982·Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy·D K Helling
Feb 12, 1975·Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy·P J Perry, S C Hurley
Jun 22, 2000·The Annals of Pharmacotherapy·B L Carter, D K Helling
Feb 18, 2003·Pharmacotherapy·Jeff E BorensteinScott R Weingarten
Oct 4, 2003·Pharmacotherapy·Raymond W HammondUNKNOWN American College of Clinical Pharmacy
Mar 11, 2004·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Kevin Grumbach, Thomas Bodenheimer
Nov 28, 2006·Pharmacotherapy·Joseph J SaseenCharles T Taylor
Aug 22, 2007·Pharmacy World & Science : PWS·Shannon J Von MuensterYinghui Xu
Sep 26, 2007·American Journal of Health-system Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists·Lori M DickersonBarry L Carter
Sep 28, 2007·Pharmacotherapy·John A MerenichUNKNOWN Clinical Pharmacy Cardiac Risk Service Study Group
Apr 11, 2008·The Journal of Clinical Hypertension·Barry L CarterArthur J Hartz
Sep 6, 2008·Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM·Thomas C Rosenthal
Sep 11, 2008·Health Affairs·Robert A BerensonAimee F Williams
Sep 25, 2009·American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education·David A Knapp, Deanne E Knapp
Nov 26, 2009·Archives of Internal Medicine·Barry L CarterYinghui Xu
Mar 5, 2010·Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA·Nicole Paolini AlbaneseMichael J Rouse
May 5, 2010·Health Affairs·Marie SmithPaul D Cleary
Jul 22, 2010·Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes·Barry L CarterUNKNOWN Collaboration Among Pharmacists Physicians To Improve Outcomes Now (CAPTION) Trial Investigators
Jul 24, 2010·American Journal of Hypertension·Barry L Carter, J W Foppe van Mil
Aug 20, 2010·Medical Care·Marie A Chisholm-BurnsTimothy Wunz
Oct 13, 2010·Archives of Internal Medicine·Cynthia A WeberBarry L Carter
Nov 27, 2010·Australian Health Review : a Publication of the Australian Hospital Association·Bronwyn J Carter
Jan 13, 2012·The Journal of Clinical Hypertension·Barry L CarterBeverly B Green
Apr 26, 2013·The Journal of Clinical Hypertension·Ziqian ChenBarry L Carter
Apr 30, 2013·Pharmacotherapy·UNKNOWN American College of Clinical Pharmacy Board of Regents, Michael S Maddux
Jun 5, 2013·The Journal of Clinical Hypertension·Barry L CarterUNKNOWN Collaboration Among Pharmacists and Physicians to Improve Outcomes Now (CAPTION) trial investigators
Sep 14, 2013·Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA·Bonnie L SvarstadDale A Wilson
Nov 6, 2013·Health Affairs·Thomas S Bodenheimer, Mark D Smith
Nov 6, 2013·Health Affairs·Marie SmithThomas S Bodenheimer
May 9, 2014·Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM·Karissa A HahnBenjamin F Crabtree
Jan 30, 2015·Pharmacotherapy·C Lindsay DeVane
Mar 26, 2015·Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes·Barry L CarterThomas Vaughn
Nov 20, 2015·American Journal of Health-system Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists·Jannet M Carmichael, Deanne L Hall
Nov 20, 2015·American Journal of Health-system Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists·Nicole M Acquisto, Daniel P Hays
Nov 20, 2015·American Journal of Health-system Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists·Brandon R ShankRebecca S Finley
Nov 20, 2015·American Journal of Health-system Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists·Neal Benedict, Mary M Hess

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Sep 21, 2017·Internal and Emergency Medicine·Pietro Amedeo ModestiMaria Boddi
Jun 13, 2018·Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice : Official Publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners·Maria Olívia Barboza-ZanettiLeonardo Régis Leira-Pereira
Sep 12, 2018·JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports·Eng Whui PohElizabeth E Roughead
Oct 23, 2018·PloS One·Genival Araujo Dos Santos JúniorDivaldo Pereira de Lyra
Jul 11, 2019·Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice : Official Publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners·Eve M SegalKate D Jeffers
Sep 13, 2019·Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology·Giuseppe MiscioDavide Seripa
Jun 26, 2020·Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy·Mel L NelsonPatrick J Campbell
Jul 24, 2020·American Journal of Health-system Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists·Timothy R Hudd
Jun 25, 2020·American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education·Nicholas R NelsonFrank Romanelli
Jul 5, 2018·Pharmacy : Journal of Pharmacy, Education and Practice·Ejaz Cheema
Jan 1, 2018·European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. Science and Practice·Jing Li, Zhiping Li
Jul 30, 2020·Pharmacy : Journal of Pharmacy, Education and Practice·Lisa M HolleKate D Jeffers
Aug 13, 2020·Pharmacy : Journal of Pharmacy, Education and Practice·Michael J Rouse, Arijana Meštrović
Jan 26, 2021·Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice : Official Publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners·Avinash KhadelaBhavin Vyas
Mar 8, 2020·Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy : RSAP·Maria do Carmo Vilas Boas SousaClarice Chemello
Mar 18, 2021·Applied Clinical Informatics·Liang YanScott D Nelson
Jun 12, 2021·International Journal of Clinical Practice·Geetha KandasamyArun Na
Aug 28, 2021·Pharmacy : Journal of Pharmacy, Education and Practice·Hervé JavelotCoraline Hingray

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.