Evolution of l-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activity allows for recurrent specialisation to betalain pigmentation in Caryophyllales.

The New Phytologist
Hester SheehanSamuel F Brockington

Abstract

The evolution of l-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activity, encoded by the gene DODA, was a key step in the origin of betalain biosynthesis in Caryophyllales. We previously proposed that l-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activity evolved via a single Caryophyllales-specific neofunctionalisation event within the DODA gene lineage. However, this neofunctionalisation event has not been confirmed and the DODA gene lineage exhibits numerous gene duplication events, whose evolutionary significance is unclear. To address this, we functionally characterised 23 distinct DODA proteins for l-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activity, from four betalain-pigmented and five anthocyanin-pigmented species, representing key evolutionary transitions across Caryophyllales. By mapping these functional data to an updated DODA phylogeny, we then explored the evolution of l-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activity. We find that low l-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activity is distributed across the DODA gene lineage. In this context, repeated gene duplication events within the DODA gene lineage give rise to polyphyletic occurrences of elevated l-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activity, accompanied by convergent shifts in key functional residues and distinct genomic patterns of micro-synteny. In the context of an ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 4, 2020·Natural Product Reports·Benjamin R Lichman
Nov 30, 2019·The New Phytologist·Fernando Gandía-Herrero, Francisco García-Carmona
Mar 6, 2021·Trends in Ecology & Evolution·Yuval SapirEsther Senden
Mar 19, 2021·Scientific Reports·Yu-Cheng ChangJun-Yi Yang
Sep 4, 2021·Journal of Plant Research·Masaaki SakutaSetsuko Shimada
Nov 23, 2021·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Samuel Lopez-NievesHiroshi A Maeda

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electrophoresis
PCR
restriction digests
dissection

Software Mentioned

mcscanx
tree
R
iq
DODA
R packages ape
pyphlawd
treepl
phytools
MoClo

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