Evolution of leaf anatomy in arid environments - A case study in southern African Tetraena and Roepera (Zygophyllaceae)

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Maximilian LauterbachGudrun Kadereit

Abstract

The dry biomes of southern Africa (Desert, Nama Karoo and Succulent Karoo) are home to a rich and diverse xerophytic flora. This flora includes two morphologically diverse clades of Zygophyllaceae, Tetraena and Roepera (Zygophylloideae), which inhabit some of the most arid habitats in the region. Using a plastid phylogeny of Zygophylloideae we assess whether the evolution of putatively adaptive traits (leaf shape, vasculature, mode of water storage and photosynthetic type: C3 versus C4) coincides with the successful colonisation of environments with different drought regimes within southern Africa. Our results show general niche conservatism within arid habitats in Tetraena, but niche shifts from arid to more mesic biomes with longer and/or cooler growing season (Fynbos and Thicket) in Roepera. However, these distinct broad-scale biogeographical patterns are not reflected in leaf anatomy, which seems to vary at more local scales. We observed considerable variability and multiple convergences to similar leaf anatomies in both genera, including shifts between "all cell succulence" leaf types and leaf types with distinct chlorenchyma and hydrenchyma. Our survey of C4 photosynthesis in the Zygophylloideae showed that the C4 pathway...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 24, 2016·Journal of Experimental Botany·Maximilian LauterbachUdo Gowik
May 24, 2018·American Journal of Botany·Riyadh MuhaidatOsama Otoum
Oct 23, 2019·Plant Reproduction·Somayeh Naghiloo, Sedigheh Nikzat Siahkolaee
Jun 30, 2018·Oecologia·Rowan F SageRobert W Pearcy
Aug 4, 2021·Scientific Reports·Ming-Ju Amy LyuXin-Guang Zhu

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