Evolution of Resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) Selected With a Recombinant Bacillus thuringiensis Strain-Producing Cyt1Aa and Cry11Ba, and the Binary Toxin, Bin, From Lysinibacillus sphaericus

Journal of Medical Entomology
Margaret C WirthBrian A Federici

Abstract

Fourth instars of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) were selected with a recombinant bacterial strain synthesizing the mosquitocidal proteins from Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Bin) and Cry11Ba and Cyt1Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis. Selection was initiated in Generation 1 with a concentration of 0.04 μg/ml, which rose to a maximum selection concentration of 8.0 μg/ml in Generation 14, followed by an unexpected, rapid increase in mortality in Generation 15. Subsequently, a selection concentration of 0.8 μg/ml was determined to be survivable. During this same period, resistance rose to nearly 1,000-fold (by Generation 12) and declined to 18.8-fold in Generation 19. Resistance remained low and fluctuated between 5.3 and 7.3 up to Generation 66. The cross-resistance patterns and interactions among the component proteins were analyzed to identify possible causes of this unusual pattern of evolution. Poor activity in the mid-range concentrations and lower-than-expected synergistic interactions were identified as potential sources of the early resistance. These findings should be considered in the development of genetically engineered strains intended to control nuisance and vector mosquitoes.

References

Oct 1, 1992·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·B E Tabashnik
Jan 1, 1993·Journal of Bacteriology·C BerryE W Davidson
Oct 6, 1997·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·M C WirthB A Federici
Feb 7, 2003·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Hyun-Woo ParkBrian A Federici
Nov 13, 2004·Journal of Medical Entomology·Margaret C WirthWilliam E Walton
Jan 11, 2005·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Margaret C WirthBrian A Federici
Dec 6, 2011·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Colin Berry

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