Evolution of the U.S. Biological Select Agent Rathayibacter toxicus

MBio
Edward W DavisJeff H Chang

Abstract

Rathayibacter toxicus is a species of Gram-positive, corynetoxin-producing bacteria that causes annual ryegrass toxicity, a disease often fatal to grazing animals. A phylogenomic approach was employed to model the evolution of R. toxicus to explain the low genetic diversity observed among isolates collected during a 30-year period of sampling in three regions of Australia, gain insight into the taxonomy of Rathayibacter, and provide a framework for studying these bacteria. Analyses of a data set of more than 100 sequenced Rathayibacter genomes indicated that Rathayibacter forms nine species-level groups. R. toxicus is the most genetically distant, and evidence suggested that this species experienced a dramatic event in its evolution. Its genome is significantly reduced in size but is colinear to those of sister species. Moreover, R. toxicus has low intergroup genomic diversity and almost no intragroup genomic diversity between ecologically separated isolates. R. toxicus is the only species of the genus that encodes a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) locus and that is known to host a bacteriophage parasite. The spacers, which represent a chronological history of infections, were characterized for...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 10, 2019·Annual Review of Phytopathology·Shree P ThapaJeff H Chang
Oct 7, 2020·Phytopathology·David A Rasmussen, Niklaus J Grünwald
Jan 28, 2021·Phytopathology·Matthew A TancosElizabeth E Rogers

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
glycosylation
genetic modification
PCR
454 sequencing

Software Mentioned

MAFFT
gplots
R
transeq
APE R package
lastz
biopython
ProgressiveMauve
HIT
phytools R package

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