Evolutionary Adaptation of Aquaporin-4 in Yak (Bos grunniens) Brain to High-Altitude Hypoxia of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

High Altitude Medicine & Biology
Yanping DingB Shao

Abstract

Background: In high-altitude animals, brain cell resilience against hypoxia stress is one critical evolutionary step that has promoted individual survival and species adaptation to the environment. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is implicated in a number of physiopathological processes, particularly in the development of brain edema, and other functions such as the regulation of extracellular space volume, potassium buffering, waste clearance, and calcium signaling. Still, the role of AQP4 in the adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia remains unknown. The yak (Bos grunniens) is the only large mammal that is currently known to have adapted to the high-altitude hypoxic environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (>4000 m above sea level). Methods: In this study, we cloned the complementary DNA (cDNA) for yak AQP4 and analyzed structural differences of AQP4 between yak and cattle. We used reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot to investigate whether the expression of AQP4 mRNA and protein was different in brain of yak and cattle. In addition, immunohistochemistry was use to analyze the localization and expression of AQP4 in brain of yak and cattle. Results: Immunohistochemical results have shown that AQP4 is e...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 28, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Wondossen AyalewPing Yan

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
KM609432

Methods Mentioned

BETA
protein assay
PCR
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

MODEL Workspace
ProtScale
DNAMAN
Primer
PSIPRED Protein Sequence Analysis Workbench
Pro plus
Image
ExPASy
SWISS

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