PMID: 18723633Aug 30, 2008Paper

Evolutionary and structural diversification of the larval nervous system among marine bryozoans

The Biological Bulletin
Scott Santagata

Abstract

Regardless of the morphological divergence among larval forms of marine bryozoans, the larval nervous system and its major effector organs (musculature and ciliary fields) are largely molded on the basis of functional demands of feeding, ciliary propulsion, phototactic behaviors, and substrate exploration. Previously published ultrastructural information and immunohistochemical reconstructions presented here indicate that neuronal pathways are largely ipsilateral, with more complex synaptic connections localized within the nerve nodule. Multiciliated sensory-motor neurons diversify structurally and functionally on the basis of their position along the axis of swimming largely due to the functional demands of photoklinotaxis and substrate exploration. Vesiculariform, buguliform, and ascophoran coronate larvae all have patches of sensory neurons bordering the pyriform organ's ciliated groove (juxtapapillary cells and border cells) that are active during substrate selection. Despite their simplified form, cyclostome larvae maintain swimming and probing behaviors with sensory-motor systems functionally similar to those of some parenchymella and planula larval types. Considering the evolutionary relationships among the morphological...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 24, 2010·Journal of Morphology·Claus Nielsen, Katrine Worsaae
Oct 16, 2015·Frontiers in Zoology·Ksenia V ShunkinaAndrew N Ostrovsky
Jun 23, 2018·Frontiers in Zoology·Thomas F Schwaha, Andreas Wanninger
Jun 26, 2020·Frontiers in Zoology·Hannah SchmidbaurGerhard Steiner
Nov 26, 2015·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Nadine Randel, Gáspár Jékely
Jun 1, 2017·Frontiers in Zoology·Viktor V StarunovLeonid P Nezlin
Nov 4, 2017·Journal of Morphology·Magdalena AmbrosThomas F Schwaha

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