Evolutionary conservation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) gene regulation and the enteroinsular axis.

Regulatory Peptides
Michelle C MussonM Michael Wolfe

Abstract

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), an important component of the enteroinsular axis, is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion, functioning to maintain nutrient efficiency. Although well-characterized in mammals, little is known regarding GIP transcriptional regulation in Danio rerio (Dr). We previously demonstrated that DrGIP is expressed in the intestine and the pancreas, and we therefore cloned the Dr promoter to compare GIP transcriptional regulation in Dr and mammals. Although no significant homology was indentified between the highly conserved mammalian promoter and the DrGIP promoter, 1072-bp of the DrGIP promoter conferred tissue-specific expression in mammalian cell lines. Deletional analysis of the DrGIP promoter identified two regions that, when deleted, reduced transcription by 75% and 95%, respectively. Mutational analysis of the upstream region suggested involvement of an Nkx binding site, although we were unable to identify the factor binding to this site. The cis element in the downstream region was found to be a GATA binding site. Lastly, overexpression and shRNA experiments identified PAX4 as a potential repressor of DrGIP expression. These findings provide evidence that despite the identifi...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 16, 2014·Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology·M Michael Wolfe, Michael O Boylan
Oct 22, 2015·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Michael O BoylanM Michael Wolfe

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