Evolutionary history of the medaka long-wavelength sensitive genes and effects of artificial regression by gene loss on behavioural photosensitivity

Scientific Reports
Yumi HaradaShoji Fukamachi

Abstract

Tandem gene duplication has led to an expansion of cone-opsin repertoires in many fish, but the resulting functional advantages have only been conjectured without empirical demonstration. Medaka (Oryzias latipes and O. sakaizumii) have eight (two red, three green, two blue, and one violet) cone opsin genes. Absorbance maxima (λmax) of the proteins vary from 356 nm to 562 nm, but those of the red opsins (long-wavelength sensitive; LWS) are nearly identical, obscuring the necessity of their coexistence. Here, we compared the LWSa and LWSb loci of these sister species and found that the gene duplication occurred long before the latipes-sakaizumii speciation (4-18 million years ago), and the high sequence similarity between the paralogues is the result of at least two events of gene conversion. These repetitive gene conversions would indicate the importance for medaka of retaining two identical LWSs in the genome. However, a newly established medaka mutant with a single LWS showed no defect in LWS expression or behavioural red-light sensitivity, demonstrating functional redundancy of the paralogs. Thus, as with many other genes after whole-genome duplication, the redundant LWS might be on the way to being lost from the current cone...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 14, 2021·Royal Society Open Science·Megumi MatsuoShoji Fukamachi

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
AB223051
AB223052
AF247128
AB087803
AB087804

Methods Mentioned

BETA
genotyping
PCR
reverse transcription PCR
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

Genetyx
BLASTX
mVISTA
PhyML
BIONJ
Mac
UMATracker

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