Evolutionary links between reproductive morphology, ecology and mating behavior in opisthobranch gastropods

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
Nils AnthesNico K Michiels

Abstract

Sexual coevolution in morphological and behavioral traits has rarely been studied. Using phylogenetic analyses, we explore relationships between sexual characters based on a new molecular phylogeny of 33 opisthobranch taxa (Aglajidae and Gastropteridae). Our measurements of these simultaneous hermaphrodites include male and female reproductive anatomy, mating behavior, and spatial gregariousness. After phylogenetic correction, we found evidence for correlated evolution between male and female reproductive organs such as the size of the seminal fluid producing prostate gland and that of the sperm digesting bursa copulatrix. Our findings suggest that reproductive trait variation is mediated by sexual coevolution, where putatively manipulative male organs evolved in association with female organs involved in sperm selection. Furthermore, low gregariousness was associated with long, reciprocal copulations. We interpret this result as an adaptation to infrequent mate encounters, where it pays to mate longer with and presumably transfer more sperm to a rare partner. Several complex reproductive traits were repeatedly gained or lost across our phylogeny. This pattern is consistent with a scenario in which sexual selection generates dy...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 15, 2009·Biology Letters·Lukas Schärer, Tim Janicke
May 28, 2011·BMC Evolutionary Biology·Robert T DillonCharles Lydeard
Mar 6, 2010·Zoology : Analysis of Complex Systems, ZACS·Mandy BenkeJoris M Koene
Jun 26, 2009·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Jan Sauer, Bernhard Hausdorf
Jan 26, 2013·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Rolanda LangeNils Anthes
Dec 3, 2013·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Yolanda E Camacho-GarcíaÁngel Valdés

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