Evolutionary Stabilization of Cooperative Toxin Production through a Bacterium-Plasmid-Phage Interplay.

MBio
Stefanie SpriewaldBärbel Stecher

Abstract

Colicins are toxins produced and released by Enterobacteriaceae to kill competitors in the gut. While group A colicins employ a division of labor strategy to liberate the toxin into the environment via colicin-specific lysis, group B colicin systems lack cognate lysis genes. In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm), the group B colicin Ib (ColIb) is released by temperate phage-mediated bacteriolysis. Phage-mediated ColIb release promotes S. Tm fitness against competing Escherichia coli It remained unclear how prophage-mediated lysis is realized in a clonal population of ColIb producers and if prophages contribute to evolutionary stability of toxin release in S. Tm. Here, we show that prophage-mediated lysis occurs in an S. Tm subpopulation only, thereby introducing phenotypic heterogeneity to the system. We established a mathematical model to study the dynamic interplay of S. Tm, ColIb, and a temperate phage in the presence of a competing species. Using this model, we studied long-term evolution of phage lysis rates in a fluctuating infection scenario. This revealed that phage lysis evolves as bet-hedging strategy that maximizes phage spread, regardless of whether colicin is present or not. We conclude that the ColIb ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 11, 2021·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Anne ChevallereauEdze R Westra

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
fluorescence-activated cell sorting
Fluorescence
FACS
PCR

Software Mentioned

HMMER
FlowJo
deSolve
hmmsearch
Clustal Omega
R
Pfam
CellASIC ONIX FG
FACSDiva
UniRef50

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