Evolving interpretation of the athlete's electrocardiogram: from European Society of Cardiology and Stanford criteria, to Seattle criteria and beyond

Journal of Electrocardiology
Alessandro ZorziDomenico Corrado

Abstract

Electrocardiographic (ECG) pre-participation screening can prevent sudden cardiac death in the athletes by early diagnosis and disqualification of affected individuals. Interpretation of the athlete's ECG should be based on specific criteria, because ECG changes that would be considered abnormal in the untrained population may develop in trained athletes as a physiologic and benign consequence of the heart's adaptation to exercise. In 2010, a stem document from the Section of Sports Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) proposed to classify the athlete's ECG changes according to the prevalence, relation to exercise training, association with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and need for further investigations into two groups: "common and training-related" (Group 1) and "uncommon and training-unrelated" (Group 2). Over the last years, several efforts have been made to refine the ESC criteria for interpretation of the athlete's ECG in order to improve specificity maintaining good sensitivity, especially among elite and Afro-Caribbean athletes, which show the highest rate of false positives Group 2 ECG abnormalities. However, the balance between improvement in specificity and loss of sensitivity should ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 11, 2015·Disease Markers·Ioana Mozos, Alexandru Caraba
Mar 21, 2017·International Journal of Cardiology·Domenico Corrado, Alessandro Zorzi
May 17, 2017·Current Opinion in Pediatrics·Patricia E Acra, María T Pérez
Jul 1, 2020·Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE·Alessandro ZorziDomenico Corrado
Apr 28, 2016·Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE·Antonis S Manolis, Antonis A Manolis

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