Abstract
Abnormal systemic concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines have been implicated in the development of long-term cardiovascular complications in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and obesity. Whether leukocyte white blood cell (WBC) gene expression of these proinflammatory mediators contributes to their increased systemic levels, however, remains unclear, especially in the pediatric patient populations. This study examines mRNA changes of 9 cytokines and chemokines in WBCs following ex vivo immunostimulation from 9 T1DM (13.4 +/- 0.5 year, 4F/5 M), 23 overweight (OW, 12.3 +/- 0.5 year, 10F/13M, BMI% 97.1 +/- 0.5 and > 90.0), and 21 healthy (CL, 13.8 +/- 0.7 year, 9F/12 M, BMI% 59.6 +/- 4.6 and < 85.0) children. All subjects had been maintained in euglycemic conditions for at least 90 min before blood draws. Whole blood was then sampled and incubated with anti-T-cell receptor (TCR) antibody or heat-aggregated IgG (HAG) to stimulate T-cell and Fc receptors (FcR), respectively. After lysis of leukocytes, mRNA levels of six tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokines (TNFSF2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 14) and three chemokines (CCL8, 20, and CXCL10) were measured using RT-PCR. Following TCR stimulation, T1DM displayed significantly greater mRNA...Continue Reading
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