Abstract
Several types of avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccines exist, including live-attenuated, vectored, and whole inactivated virus (WIV) vaccines. Inactivated vaccines offer some advantages compared to other types of vaccines, including ease of production and lack of ability to revert to a virulent state. However, WIV are poorly immunogenic, especially when these vaccines are delivered to mucosal surfaces. There are several factors that contribute to the immunogenicity of vaccines, one of which is the method used to inactivate viruses. Several methods exist for producing influenza WIVs, including formaldehyde, a chemical that affects protein structures leading to virus inactivation. Other methods include treatment with beta-propiolactone (BPL) and the application of gamma radiation, both of which have less effects on protein structures compared to formaldehyde, and instead alter nucleic acids in the virion. Here, we sought to determine the effect of the above inactivation methods on immunogenicity of AIV vaccines. To this end, chickens were vaccinated with three different H9N2 WIVs using formaldehyde, BPL, and gamma radiation for inactivation. In addition to administering these three WIVs alone as vaccines, we also included CpG ODN ...Continue Reading
Citations
Mar 7, 2020·Vaccines·Deimante LukosaityteMunir Iqbal
Sep 16, 2018·Vaccines·Raquel das Neves AlmeidaGary P Kobinger
Jul 5, 2018·BMC Research Notes·Jake AstillShayan Sharif
Sep 17, 2020·Clinical and Experimental Immunology·John S TregoningKatrina M Pollock
Sep 23, 2019·Vaccine·Alexander YitbarekShayan Sharif
Jan 8, 2021·Archives of Virology·Ailar SabbaghiAmir Ghaemi
Jan 8, 2021·Radiation Research·Ziad FrancisMarco Durante
Feb 23, 2021·Frontiers in Microbiology·Sujuan ChenDaxin Peng
Mar 30, 2021·Infectious Disease Modelling·Xiao-Ting XieAmy L Greer
May 13, 2021·Radiation Research·Marco Durante
Aug 14, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Yongqing LiuChen Wang
Aug 25, 2021·Avian Diseases·Abderrazak El KhantourSiham Fellahi
Sep 30, 2021·Microbiology Spectrum·Zhihao SunXiufan Liu
Oct 11, 2021·Virology Journal·Ailar SabbaghiAmir Ghaemi