Excess under-5 female mortality across India: a spatial analysis using 2011 census data

The Lancet Global Health
Christophe Z GuilmotoJayanta Kumar Bora

Abstract

Excess female mortality causes half of the missing women (estimated deficit of women in countries with suspiciously low proportion of females in their population) today. Globally, most of these avoidable deaths of women occur during childhood in China and India. We aimed to estimate excess female under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) for India's 35 states and union territories and 640 districts. Using the summary birth history method (or Brass method), we derived district-level estimates of U5MR by sex from 2011 census data. We used data from 46 countries with no evidence of gender bias for mortality to estimate the effects and intensity of excess female mortality at district level. We used a detailed spatial and statistical analysis to highlight the correlates of excess mortality at district level. Excess female U5MR was 18·5 per 1000 livebirths (95% CI 13·1-22·6) in India 2000-2005, which corresponds to an estimated 239 000 excess deaths (169 000-293 000) per year. More than 90% of districts had excess female mortality, but the four largest states in northern India (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh) accounted for two-thirds of India's total number. Low economic development, gender inequity, and high fertility were ...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 9, 2019·Journal of Biosocial Science·Ismail HaquePriyank Pravin Patel
Oct 20, 2018·MCN. the American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing·Lynn Clark Callister
May 14, 2020·Journal of Biosocial Science·Basant Kumar Panda, Udaya S Mishra
Aug 28, 2020·Population Studies·Priyanka DixitK S James
Nov 18, 2018·International Journal of Health Geographics·Akansha Singh, Bruno Masquelier
Apr 11, 2020·PloS One·Anna Dimitrova, Jayanta Kumar Bora
Jan 28, 2021·BMC Pediatrics·Janaína Calu Costa, Cesar G Victora
Dec 29, 2020·Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research·Sarvesh KumarRavendra Kumar Sharma
May 18, 2021·Pediatric Radiology·Asthik Biswas, Manohar M Shroff
Jun 4, 2021·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·Janaína Calu CostaCesar G Victora
Oct 1, 2021·PloS One·Vandana TamrakarBenjamin Debbarma

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