Excitotoxic damage, disrupted energy metabolism, and oxidative stress in the rat brain: antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of L-carnitine

Journal of Neurochemistry
Daniela Silva-AdayaAbel Santamaría

Abstract

Excitotoxicity and disrupted energy metabolism are major events leading to nerve cell death in neurodegenerative disorders. These cooperative pathways share one common aspect: triggering of oxidative stress by free radical formation. In this work, we evaluated the effects of the antioxidant and energy precursor, levocarnitine (L-CAR), on the oxidative damage and the behavioral, morphological, and neurochemical alterations produced in nerve tissue by the excitotoxin and free radical precursor, quinolinic acid (2,3-pyrindin dicarboxylic acid; QUIN), and the mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Oxidative damage was assessed by the estimation of reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in synaptosomal fractions. Behavioral, morphological, and neurochemical alterations were evaluated as markers of neurotoxicity in animals systemically administered with L-CAR, chronically injected with 3-NP and/or intrastriatally infused with QUIN. At micromolar concentrations, L-CAR reduced the three markers of oxidative stress stimulated by both toxins alone or in combination. L-CAR also prevented the rotation behavior evoked by QUIN and the hypokinetic pattern induced by 3-NP in rats. Morph...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 5, 2010·Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes·Verónica Pérez-De la CruzAbel Santamaría
Jul 3, 2013·Molecular Neurobiology·Ashraf VirmaniSyed Ali
Jan 31, 2009·Nutritional Neuroscience·Berenice Márquez-ValadezJosé Pedraza-Chaverrí
Apr 3, 2014·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Jazmin Reyes OcampoVerónica Pérez de la Cruz
Feb 18, 2014·Journal of Neural Transmission·Calvin WuGuenter W Gross
Sep 25, 2008·Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology·Angela SittaCarmen R Vargas
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Nov 22, 2011·International Journal of Pharmaceutics·Ting WangNongyue He
Apr 7, 2010·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·Weiwei MaRong Xiao
Mar 13, 2010·Neuroscience Letters·Elvis CuevasAbel Santamaría
Dec 26, 2008·Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology : Official Journal of the Gesellschaft Für Toxikologische Pathologie·José Pedraza-ChaverríRachel Mata
Jun 19, 2012·The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry·Iván Carmona-RamírezPerla D Maldonado
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Oct 4, 2013·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Rafael Lugo-HuitrónVerónica Pérez-de la Cruz
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