PMID: 8606182Apr 1, 1996Paper

Exclusion of T4 phage by the hok/sok killer locus from plasmid R1

Journal of Bacteriology
D C Pecota, T K Wood

Abstract

The hok (host killing) and sok (suppressor of killing) genes (hok/sok) efficiently maintain the low-copy-number plasmid R1. To investigate whether the hok/sok locus evolved as a phage-exclusion mechanism, Escherichia coli cells that contain hok/sok on a pBR322-based plasmid were challenged with T1, T4, T5, T7, and lambda phage. Upon infection with T4, the optical density of cells containing hok/sok on a high-copy-number plasmid continued to increase whereas the optical density for those lacking hok/sok rapidly declined. The presence of hok/sok reduced the efficiency of plating of T4 by 42% and decreased the plaque size by approximately 85%. Single-step growth experiments demonstrated that hok/sok decreased the T4 burst size by 40%, increased the time to form mature phage (eclipse time) from 22 to 30 min, and increased the time to cell lysis (latent period) from 30 to 60 min. These results further suggest that single cells exhibit altruistic behavior.

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Citations

Jan 1, 1997·Annual Review of Genetics·K GerdesN D Mikkelsen
Nov 1, 2000·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·T F Cooper, J A Heinemann
Apr 26, 2011·Nature Chemical Biology·Xiaoxue WangThomas K Wood
Jun 21, 2011·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Xiaoxue Wang, Thomas K Wood
Jan 30, 2013·Critical Reviews in Microbiology·Mehari Tesfazgi MebrhatuAbram Aertsen
Mar 22, 2014·Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics·Shashikala VermaRakesh Bhatnagar
Sep 17, 2014·Genes & Genetic Systems·Ryota YasuiYuichi Otsuka
Dec 2, 2014·Pathogens·Jason S LehmannDerrick E Fouts
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Jun 3, 2017·Viruses·Ayalla Fedida, Debbie Lindell
May 6, 2019·Brazilian Journal of Microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]·Luiz Carlos Bertucci BarbosaReinaldo Marchetto
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