Exemplars, prototypes, and the flexibility of classification models

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
Henrik OlssonUrban Lyxzèn

Abstract

J. P. Minda and J. D. Smith (2001) showed that a prototype model outperforms an exemplar model, especially in larger categories or categories that contained more complex stimuli. R. M. Nosofsky and S. R. Zaki (2002) showed that an exemplar model with a response-scaling mechanism outperforms a prototype model. The authors of the current study investigated whether excessive model flexibility could explain these results. Using cross-validation, the authors demonstrated that both the prototype model and the exemplar model with a response-scaling mechanism suffered from overfilling in the linearly separable category structure. The results illustrate the need to make sure that the best-fitting model is not chasing error variance instead of variance attributed to the cognitive process it is supposed to model.

References

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Citations

Aug 3, 2005·Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition·Håkan NilssonPeter Juslin
Jul 29, 2006·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : QJEP·Steve W Kelly, Katie Wilkin
Jan 31, 2008·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review·Jay I MyungDaniel J Navarro
Jun 7, 2006·Memory & Cognition·Dagmar Zeithamova, W Todd Maddox
Mar 9, 2007·Cognition·Gustav Kuhn, Zoltán Dienes
Apr 19, 2008·Scandinavian Journal of Psychology·Håkan NilssonHenrik Olsson
Jun 17, 2016·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : QJEP·Marin PuskaricJörg Rieskamp
Jan 23, 2021·Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science·Olivia Guest, Andrea E Martin
May 23, 2021·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Wolf Vanpaemel, Janine Bayer

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