Exercise and Glycemic Control: Focus on Redox Homeostasis and Redox-Sensitive Protein Signaling

Frontiers in Endocrinology
Lewan ParkerItamar Levinger

Abstract

Physical inactivity, excess energy consumption, and obesity are associated with elevated systemic oxidative stress and the sustained activation of redox-sensitive stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Sustained SAPK activation leads to aberrant insulin signaling, impaired glycemic control, and the development and progression of cardiometabolic disease. Paradoxically, acute exercise transiently increases oxidative stress and SAPK signaling, yet postexercise glycemic control and skeletal muscle function are enhanced. Furthermore, regular exercise leads to the upregulation of antioxidant defense, which likely assists in the mitigation of chronic oxidative stress-associated disease. In this review, we explore the complex spatiotemporal interplay between exercise, oxidative stress, and glycemic control, and highlight exercise-induced reactive oxygen species and redox-sensitive protein signaling as important regulators of glucose homeostasis.

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Citations

Jun 13, 2018·Experimental Physiology·João Paulo Cavalcanti-de-AlbuquerqueDenise P Carvalho
Aug 24, 2018·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·Lewan ParkerItamar Levinger
Sep 6, 2018·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·Adam J TrewinNigel K Stepto
Jan 1, 2019·Research in Sports Medicine·Ambra AntonioniDaniela Caporossi
Apr 15, 2020·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Lewan ParkerMichelle A Keske
Sep 27, 2018·Advances in Nutrition·Nikos V MargaritelisMichalis G Nikolaidis
Oct 8, 2019·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Carlos Henríquez-OlguínThomas E Jensen
Jun 17, 2020·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Rafael A CasusoJesús R Huertas

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
GTPase

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