Exercise and hypertension: a model for central neural plasticity

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology
J M KramerT G Waldrop

Abstract

1. Physical movement is accompanied by coordinated changes in respiratory and cardiovascular activity proportional to the metabolic demands of the locomotor task. Cardiorespiratory changes include increases in ventilation, blood pressure and heart rate, as well as altered regional sympathetic nerve activity and blood flow. 2. The posterior hypothalamic area, a periventricular region in the caudal-most diencephalon, has been shown to play a role in mediating the coupling of locomotion and cardiorespiratory activity. Stimulation of this brain region produces locomotor behaviour and simultaneous increases in cardiorespiratory activity that are independent of peripheral feedback from contracting muscles. Posterior hypothalamic neurons are also activated by exercise and exercise-related stimuli, such as muscle contraction. 3. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a deficiency in the inhibitory GABA neurotransmitter system within the posterior hypothalamic area contributes to tonically elevated levels of arterial blood pressure. We previously identified a reduction in the GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) within the posterior hypothalamus of SHR. 4. We have recently demonstrated that exercise can upregula...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 7, 2012·Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association·Evangelia KouidiAsterios Deligiannis
Apr 27, 2011·Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Médicas E Biológicas·E R SoaresA C Alzamora
Jul 20, 2010·Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology·Guanghua TangRui Wang
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Feb 10, 2006·Journal of Applied Physiology·Tony G Waldrop, Gary A Iwamoto
Aug 19, 2015·Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology·Carlos José Moraes DiasCarlos Alberto Alves Dias-Filho
Dec 22, 2020·Experimental Physiology·Jaqueline Aparecida de SouzaLeonardo Máximo Cardoso
Sep 15, 2020·Clinical and Experimental Hypertension : CHE·Munique Tostes Ferreira MirandaOctávio Barbosa Neto
May 15, 2021·Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism·Demetra J Mills

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