Exercise collapse associated with sickle cell trait (ECAST): case report and literature review

Current Sports Medicine Reports
Richard D QuattroneFrancis G O'Connor

Abstract

Sickle cell trait (SCT) has been associated with exertional collapse (ECAST) and exercise-related sudden death in athletes and military warfighters. The mechanisms underlying ECAST remain controversial in the sports medicine community. Multiple case presentations and anecdotal reports postulate the role of extraordinary exercise intensity, but other risk factors including dehydration, heat, previous exertional rhabdomyolysis, genetic cofactors, and dietary supplements have been cited as potential contributors. Others have hypothesized some of the aforementioned factors combining in a "perfect storm" to trigger ECAST with a resultant potentially fatal "metabolic crisis." This case report provides a brief review of SCT as it pertains to exercise in warfighters and athletes, identifies known and postulated risk factors associated with ECAST, and introduces the potential mechanistic role of the "double hit" as a contributor to ECAST.

Associated Clinical Trials

References

Sep 15, 2004·Molecular Aspects of Medicine·Jean-Paul BonnefontJean Bastin
Jul 15, 2005·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Géraldine MonchaninCyril Martin
Oct 22, 2008·Sports Medicine·Philippe ConnesOlivier Hue
Apr 28, 2009·The American Journal of Medicine·Geoffrey TsarasYaw Amoateng-Adjepong
Apr 15, 2011·Blood·Idowu AkinsheyeMartin H Steinberg
Jul 20, 2012·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Francis G O'ConnorPatricia A Deuster

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Citations

Nov 23, 2016·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·E Randy EichnerJohn M Small
Dec 3, 2016·BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine·Renata S ScalcoNicol C Voermans
Sep 20, 2018·BMC Neurology·Simone BirnbaumJean-Yves Hogrel
Aug 15, 2017·Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport·Rachel K KatchDouglas J Casa
Mar 10, 2020·The Physician and Sportsmedicine·Rebecca M HirschhornSusan Yeargin
Mar 4, 2021·Current Sports Medicine Reports·Nathaniel S NyeFrancis G O'Connor
Jul 2, 2021·Neuromuscular Disorders : NMD·Andréia CarneiroMarcos Dias Pereira
Jul 20, 2021·The Physician and Sportsmedicine·Barry P BodenScott A Anderson
Oct 12, 2021·European Journal of Applied Physiology·K ReminyS Antoine-Jonville

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