Exercise dependence, eating disorder symptoms and biomarkers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S) among male endurance athletes

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
Monica Klungland TorstveitAnna Katarina Melin

Abstract

To explore associations betweenexercise dependence, eating disorder (ED) symptoms and biomarkers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S) among male endurance athletes. Fifty-three healthy well-trained male cyclists, triathletes and long-distance runners recruited from regional competitive sports clubs were included in this cross-sectional study. The protocol comprised the Exercise Dependence Scale (EXDS), the ED Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), measurements of body composition, resting metabolic rate, energy intake and expenditure and blood analysis of hormones and glucose. Participants with higher EXDS score displayed a more negative energy balance compared with subjects with lower EXDS score (p<0.01). EXDS total score was positively correlated with EDE-Q global score (r=0.41, p<0.05) and the subscale score for restraint eating (r=0.34, p<0.05) and weight concern (r=0.35, p<0.05). EXDS total score and the subscales lack of control and tolerance were positively correlated with cortisol (r=0.38, p<0.01, r=0.39, p<0.01 and r=0.29, p<0.05, respectively). The EXDS subscales withdrawal and tolerance were negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose (r=-0.31 and r=-0.32, p<0.05, respectively), while intention effect was...Continue Reading

References

Feb 1, 1991·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·G D WheelerD C Cumming
Nov 1, 1980·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·J J Cunningham
Jan 1, 1996·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·A M SjödinL M Hambraeus
Jan 1, 1997·Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·A D Keen, B L Drinkwater
May 8, 2000·Journal of Applied Physiology·K E FriedlE W Askew
Mar 10, 2001·Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport·A E JeukendrupJ A Hawley
Jan 9, 2004·Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine·Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen, Monica Klungland Torstveit
Apr 19, 2007·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·S E CrouterD R Bassett
Oct 3, 2007·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Aurelia NattivUNKNOWN American College of Sports Medicine
Nov 28, 2007·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Heikki KyröläinenTeemu Pullinen
May 1, 2010·International Journal of Sports Medicine·F CampionJ Medelli
May 18, 2011·European Eating Disorders Review : the Journal of the Eating Disorders Association·Solfrid Bratland-SandaJorunn Sundgot-Borgen
Feb 23, 2013·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Kevin De PauwRomain Meeusen
Aug 21, 2013·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Jenna C GibbsMary Jane De Souza
Mar 13, 2014·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Margo MountjoyArne Ljungqvist
Jun 4, 2014·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·A MelinA Sjödin
Jun 14, 2014·Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine·Mia B LichtensteinRené K Støving
Jun 25, 2015·Journal of Eating Disorders·Solfrid Bratland-SandaJorunn Sundgot-Borgen
Feb 26, 2016·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Brian J CookKimberli McCallum
Dec 15, 2016·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Bjoern GeesmannKarsten Koehler
Apr 25, 2017·Psychology Research and Behavior Management·Mia Beck LichtensteinSimone Daugaard Hemmingsen
Dec 19, 2017·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Ida A HeikuraLouise M Burke
Feb 7, 2018·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Monica Klungland TorstveitAnna Melin
May 19, 2018·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Margo MountjoyRichard Budgett
Jun 4, 2018·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Kathryn E AckermanAllyson L Parziale
Jul 14, 2018·Addictive Behaviors Reports·Mia Beck LichtensteinUffe Jørgensen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 7, 2019·Sports Medicine·Craig Sale, Kirsty Jayne Elliott-Sale
Nov 30, 2019·Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD·Sasha GorrellRebecka Peebles
Feb 20, 2019·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Nicola Keay, Alan Rankin
Jun 20, 2020·Hormones : International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism·Konstantina DiplaAnthony C Hackney
Oct 29, 2020·European Journal of Sport Science·Katherine L SchofieldStacy T Sims
Dec 29, 2020·Addictive Behaviors Reports·Flora ColledgeMarc Walter
Dec 22, 2020·Frontiers in Sports and Active Living·Lanae M JoubertAbigail J Larson
Dec 12, 2020·BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine·Nicola KeayGavin Francis
May 26, 2021·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·Samantha A MattJeanne F Nichols
Jun 7, 2021·Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine·Aurelia NattivMichael Fredericson
Aug 11, 2021·The Psychiatric Clinics of North America·Adena Neglia
Sep 8, 2021·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Thomas Birkedal StenqvistMonica Klungland Torstveit
Nov 27, 2021·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Iva JurovSamo Rauter
Jan 21, 2022·Science & Medicine in Football·Amy McGuireLorna Doyle

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray

Software Mentioned

EXDS
STATA
Dietist Net
EDE

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.