PMID: 11897882Mar 19, 2002Paper

Exercise immunology: nutritional countermeasures

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology = Revue Canadienne De Physiologie Appliquée
D C Nieman

Abstract

In contrast to moderate physical activity, prolonged and intensive exertion causes numerous changes in immunity that reflect physiologic stress and suppression, and an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection. Enzymes in immune cells require the presence of micronutrients, leading to attempts by investigators to alter changes in immunity following heavy exertion through use of nutritional supplements, primarily zinc, dietary fat, vitamin C and other antioxidants, glutamine, and carbohydrate. Except for carbohydrate supplementation, none of these nutrients has emerged as an effective countermeasure to exercise-induced immunosuppression. Data from several studies of endurance athletes suggest that carbohydrate compared to placebo ingestion is associated with an attenuated cortisol, growth hormone, and epinephrine response to heavy exertion, fewer perturbations in blood immune cell counts, lower granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity, and a diminished pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response. Overall, the hormonal and immune responses to carbohydrate compared to placebo ingestion during intensive exercise suggest that physiologic stress and inflammation are diminished, although clinical s...Continue Reading

References

Jun 1, 1991·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·R MurrayD E Eddy
Aug 1, 1991·International Journal of Sports Medicine·S L Nehlsen-CannarellaE Ashley
Dec 1, 1990·International Journal of Sports Medicine·D C NiemanK Arabatzis
Jul 1, 1995·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·D C NiemanS L Nehlsen-Cannarella
Mar 1, 1995·British Journal of Sports Medicine·R J ShephardM Clark
Jul 1, 1993·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·D C NiemanS L Nehlsen-Cannarella
Jul 1, 1997·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·D C NiemanS L Nehlsen-Cannarella
Sep 1, 1997·International Journal of Sport Nutrition·D C NiemanS L Nehlsen-Cannarella
Jan 7, 1998·Journal of Applied Physiology·J M DavisE P Mayer
May 20, 1998·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·D C NiemanD E Butterworth
May 20, 1998·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·D C NiemanA Utter
Jun 13, 1998·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·T RohdeB K Pedersen
Jul 15, 1998·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·C Foster
Feb 2, 1999·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·M GleesonR L Clancy
Apr 6, 1999·International Journal of Sports Medicine·F X PizzaA Beighle
Nov 7, 1999·International Journal of Sports Medicine·D C NiemanB K Schilling
Jan 19, 2000·European Journal of Applied Physiology·S L Nehlsen-CannarellaJ M Davis
Jan 27, 2000·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·T KostkaM Bonnefoy
Jun 15, 2000·British Journal of Sports Medicine·D C NiemanR Thorpe
Jul 26, 2000·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·D C Nieman
Nov 30, 2000·Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research·D C NiemanM M Thompson
Dec 28, 2000·Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport·D C NiemanD S Morton
Mar 27, 2001·European Journal of Clinical Investigation·R KrauseC Wenisch
May 15, 2001·American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology·E W PetersenB K Pedersen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 31, 2010·Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation·Randall E KeyserBarry S Handwerger
May 27, 2008·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Melvin Williams
Jul 21, 2012·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Leyre GravinaSusana Maria Gil
Jun 14, 2014·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·C PilatF-C Mooren
Nov 29, 2011·Progress in Neurobiology·Christian KnöchelHarald Hampel
Jun 13, 2006·Journal of Sports Sciences·P HespelP L Greenhaff
Jun 13, 2006·Journal of Sports Sciences·David C Nieman, Nicolette C Bishop
Apr 27, 2004·Journal of Applied Physiology·James W KriegerSally E Blank
Oct 21, 2006·Sports Medicine·Neil P Walsh, Martin Whitham
Jun 5, 2004·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Cheryl A LoveladyTheresa C Kinsella
Jan 1, 2008·Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation·Hilde Grindvik NielsenTorstein Lyberg
Aug 3, 2018·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Chad M KerksickRichard B Kreider
Sep 23, 2006·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·Chin Leong LimLaurel T Mackinnon
Feb 19, 2009·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Andres E CarrilloStephen S Cheung
Jun 5, 2017·BMC Research Notes·Jobert Richie NansseuJeanne Y Ngogang
Mar 18, 2003·Equine Veterinary Journal·D W Horohov
Feb 4, 2003·Pediatrics·Cheryl A LoveladyCissy Geigerman

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology = Revue Canadienne De Physiologie Appliquée
M GleesonNicolette C Bishop
International Journal of Sports Medicine
M Gleeson, Nicolette C Bishop
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved