Exercise in type 2 diabetes: genetic, metabolic and neuromuscular adaptations. A review of the evidence

British Journal of Sports Medicine
Silvano ZanusoStefano Balducci

Abstract

The biological responses to exercise training are complex, as almost all organs and systems are involved in interactions that result in a plethora of adaptations at the genetic, metabolic and neuromuscular levels.To provide the general practitioner and the sports medicine professionals with a basic understanding of the genetic, metabolic and neuromuscular adaptations at a cellular level that occur with aerobic and resistance exercise in subjects with type 2 diabetes.For each of the three domains (genetic, metabolic and neuromuscular), the results of the major systematic reviews and original research published in relevant journals, indexed in PubMed, were selected. Owing to limitations of space, we focused primarily on the role of skeletal muscle, given its pivotal role in mediating adaptations at all levels.Generally, training-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle are seen as changes in contractile proteins, mitochondrial function, metabolic regulation, intracellular signalling, transcriptional responses and neuromuscular modifications. The main adaptation with clinical relevance would include an improved oxidative capacity derived from aerobic training, in addition to neuromuscular remodelling derived from resistance training...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 3, 2019·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·Cristian ÁlvarezMikel Izquierdo
Aug 28, 2020·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·M MickuteT Yates
Feb 19, 2020·Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·Pedro Acosta-ManzanoJosef Niebauer
Jul 24, 2020·Supportive Care in Cancer : Official Journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer·Kim EdmundsRobert U Newton
Sep 5, 2020·Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy·Addisu Dabi Wake
Jan 11, 2020·Journal of Sport and Health Science·Shanshan GuoTiemin Liu
Jan 26, 2021·Journal of Mental Health·Henrik BergmanAnnelie Gutke
Jun 1, 2021·Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice·Giorgio OrlandoStefano Balducci
Jun 29, 2021·Current Opinion in Pharmacology·Paolo SgròLuigi Di Luigi
Jun 22, 2021·International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism·Mahnaz SanjariEnsieh Nasli-Esfahani

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