Exogenous Heparan Sulfate Enhances the TGF-β3-Induced Chondrogenesis in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Activating TGF-β/Smad Signaling

Stem Cells International
Juan ChenCaixia Xu

Abstract

Heparan sulfate (HS) interacts with growth factors and has been implicated in regulating chondrogenesis. However, the effect of HS on TGF-β-mediated mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis and molecular mechanisms remains unknown. In this study, we explored the effects of exogenous HS alone and in combination with TGF-β3 on chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs and possible signal mechanisms. The results indicated that HS alone had no obvious effects on chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signal pathways. However, the combined TGF-β3/HS treatment resulted in a significant increase in GAG synthesis, cartilage matrix protein secretion, and cartilage-specific gene expression compared to cells treated with TGF-β3 alone. Furthermore, HS inhibited type III TGF-β receptors (TβRIII) expression and increased TGF-β3-mediated ratio of the type II (TβRII) to the type I (TβRI) TGF-β receptors and phosphorylation levels of Smad2/3. The inhibitor of the TGF-β/Smad signal, SB431542, not only completely inhibited HS-stimulated TGF-β3-mediated Smad2/3 phosphorylation but also completely inhibited the effects of HS on TGF-β3-induced chondrogenic differentiation. These results demonstrate exogenous HS enhances TGF-...Continue Reading

References

Nov 23, 2000·Glycobiology·B Mulloy, M J Forster
Jun 18, 2003·Cell·Yigong Shi, Joan Massagué
Apr 1, 2004·Birth Defects Research. Part C, Embryo Today : Reviews·Catherine B Kirn-SafranDaniel D Carson
Apr 16, 2005·Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression·Mary C Farach-CarsonDaniel D Carson
Oct 18, 2005·Matrix Biology : Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology·Melanie C FisherRobert A Kosher
May 20, 2006·Biochemical Society Transactions·C C Rider
Feb 13, 2008·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Louise A McMahonVeronica A Campbell
Dec 19, 2008·Chemical Biology & Drug Design·Neha S Gandhi, Ricardo L Mancera
May 12, 2009·Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy·Quen Oak TangEleftherios Tsiridis
Mar 20, 2010·Birth Defects Research. Part C, Embryo Today : Reviews·Xiao-Dong Chen
May 10, 2011·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Maree Bilandzic, Kaye L Stenvers
Aug 18, 2012·Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews·Sarah E BulmanFrank Barry
Jul 4, 2013·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·Julianne HuegelMaurizio Pacifici
Dec 29, 2013·Matrix Biology : Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology·Katja JochmannAndrea Vortkamp
Feb 11, 2014·Developmental Biology·Rachel K OkolicsanyiLarisa M Haupt
Aug 16, 2014·World Journal of Stem Cells·Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad, Elham Malakooty Poor
Sep 11, 2014·Cell and Tissue Banking·Claudia CicioneFrancisco J Blanco

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 24, 2017·Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine·Yanhui ZhuXiang Wang
Mar 28, 2018·Tissue Engineering. Part a·Wollis J VasScott J Roberts
May 30, 2019·Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods·Noelia D FalconAram Saeed
May 3, 2019·Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire·Shih-Chiang LinShao-Chen Lee
Jun 14, 2017·Pharmaceuticals·Bethanie I AyerstAnthony J Day
Jun 4, 2019·Global Spine Journal·Hans-Joerg MeiselZorica Buser
Dec 18, 2020·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Maanasa RavikumarSimon M Cool
Aug 24, 2021·Carbohydrate Polymers·Zhujie XuLipeng Qiu

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
Protein Assay
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

SPSS
iQ

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.