Exosomes in Toxicology: Relevance to Chemical Exposure and Pathogenesis of Environmentally Linked Diseases

Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology
Dilshan S HarischandraAnumantha G Kanthasamy

Abstract

Chronic exposure to environmental toxins has been known to initiate or aggravate various neurological disorders, carcinomas and other adverse health effects. Uptake by naïve cells of pathogenic factors such as danger-associated molecules, mRNAs, miRNAs or aggregated proteins leads to disruption in cellular homeostasis further resulting in inflammation and disease propagation. Although early research tended to focus solely on exosomal removal of unwanted cellular contents, more recent reports indicate that these nano-vesicles play an active role in intercellular signaling. Not only is the exosomal cargo cell type-specific, but it also differs between healthy and dying cells. Moreover, following exosome uptake by naïve cells, the contents from these vesicles can alter the fate of recipient cells. Since exosomes can traverse long distances, they can influence distantly located cells and tissues. This review briefly explores the role played by environmental toxins in stimulating exosome release in the context of progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, as well as certain cancers such as lung, liver, ovarian, and tracheal carcinomas.

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Citations

Jan 29, 2019·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Rodosthenis S RodosthenousRonit Machtinger
Sep 1, 2018·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Ntube N O NgalameErik J Tokar
Mar 14, 2019·Science Signaling·Dilshan S HarischandraAnumantha G Kanthasamy
May 19, 2019·Current Environmental Health Reports·Dharmin RokadAnumantha G Kanthasamy
Apr 25, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Yong Qin KohAlexandre Chan
Dec 14, 2018·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·A-Reum RyuMi Young Lee
Apr 18, 2018·Journal of Cellular Biochemistry·Phillip MunsonArti Shukla
Feb 24, 2020·Seminars in Cancer Biology·Christopher WoodmanCornelia M Wilson
Oct 20, 2019·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·Emma C BowersKenneth S Ramos
Aug 24, 2019·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease·Dilshan S HarischandraAnumantha G Kanthasamy
Jun 23, 2019·Biochimie·Dominique Lagadic-GossmannLaurence Huc

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