Expanding and retracting from the self: Gains and costs in switching self-associations.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
Haixu WangJie Sui

Abstract

We report 2 experiments to assess the strength of forming and breaking associations to the self, familiar others, and unfamiliar others in a simple shape-label matching task. In each experiment, participants first formed shape-person associations (e.g., triangle-self). Subsequently, they had to relearn the associations with the shapes and labels rearranged (self→stranger in Experiment 1; self→friend in Experiment 2) and they carried out a matching task in which they judged whether shape-label stimuli were as newly instructed or re-paired. There were faster responses and fewer errors on match trials for newly formed self-associated stimuli. In contrast, after switching, reaction times were slower and accuracy was reduced on mismatch trials involving shapes previously associated with the self. The strength of the self-advantage in forming the new association on match trials correlated with the difficulty in switching from the old self-associated shape on mismatch trials. The results indicate that self-reference enhances the binding of associations in memory; this facilitates associations to new stimuli, but there is a cost of interference from old associations. (PsycINFO Database Record

Citations

Feb 6, 2016·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : QJEP·Jie SuiGlyn W Humphreys
Jan 7, 2017·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : QJEP·Sheila J Cunningham, David J Turk
Dec 6, 2016·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Jie Sui, Glyn W Humphreys
Sep 5, 2021·BMC Psychology·Letizia AmodeoAnnabel D Nijhof

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