Experimental determination of entanglement with a single measurement

Nature
S P WalbornAndreas Buchleitner

Abstract

Nearly all protocols requiring shared quantum information--such as quantum teleportation or key distribution--rely on entanglement between distant parties. However, entanglement is difficult to characterize experimentally. All existing techniques for doing so, including entanglement witnesses or Bell inequalities, disclose the entanglement of some quantum states but fail for other states; therefore, they cannot provide satisfactory results in general. Such methods are fundamentally different from entanglement measures that, by definition, quantify the amount of entanglement in any state. However, these measures suffer from the severe disadvantage that they typically are not directly accessible in laboratory experiments. Here we report a linear optics experiment in which we directly observe a pure-state entanglement measure, namely concurrence. Our measurement set-up includes two copies of a quantum state: these 'twin' states are prepared in the polarization and momentum degrees of freedom of two photons, and concurrence is measured with a single, local measurement on just one of the photons.

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Citations

Apr 5, 2011·The Journal of Chemical Physics·Maja KobusGerhard Stock
Feb 16, 2016·Scientific Reports·Lan Zhou, Yu-Bo Sheng
Jan 19, 2016·Scientific Reports·Liu-Yong ChengShou Zhang
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Jun 14, 2018·Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal·Fan ZhangYing Gu
Mar 1, 2019·Scientific Reports·Salvatore VirzìMarco Genovese
Oct 10, 2006·Physical Review Letters·Leandro Aolita, Florian Mintert
Dec 13, 2006·Physical Review Letters·T Yu, J H Eberly
Nov 13, 2008·Physical Review Letters·Markus TierschAndreas Buchleitner
May 14, 2009·Physical Review Letters·Christian SchmidAndreas Buchleitner
Apr 7, 2010·Physical Review Letters·Giorgio BridaAlexander Shurupov
Jul 30, 2011·Physical Review Letters·Jingfu ZhangRaymond Laflamme
Mar 27, 2015·Reports on Progress in Physics·Leandro AolitaLuiz Davidovich
Aug 7, 2007·Physical Review Letters·André R R CarvalhoAndreas Buchleitner
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