Experimental proof of faster-is-slower in systems of frictional particles flowing through constrictions

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
José M PastorIker Zuriguel

Abstract

The "faster-is-slower" (FIS) effect was first predicted by computer simulations of the egress of pedestrians through a narrow exit [D. Helbing, I. J. Farkas, and T. Vicsek, Nature (London) 407, 487 (2000)]. FIS refers to the finding that, under certain conditions, an excess of the individuals' vigor in the attempt to exit causes a decrease in the flow rate. In general, this effect is identified by the appearance of a minimum when plotting the total evacuation time of a crowd as a function of the pedestrian desired velocity. Here, we experimentally show that the FIS effect indeed occurs in three different systems of discrete particles flowing through a constriction: (a) humans evacuating a room, (b) a herd of sheep entering a barn, and (c) grains flowing out a 2D hopper over a vibrated incline. This finding suggests that FIS is a universal phenomenon for active matter passing through a narrowing.

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Citations

Jun 23, 2016·Scientific Reports·T van de LaarJ Sprakel
Jun 2, 2017·Nature Communications·Juha Koivisto, Douglas J Durian
Sep 2, 2016·Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·Michael J SeitzGerta Köster
Dec 30, 2017·Physical Review Letters·G A PattersonD R Parisi
Jan 20, 2018·Physical Review. E·Xia HongEric R Weeks
Jan 5, 2019·Science·Nicolas Bain, Denis Bartolo
Apr 4, 2019·Soft Matter·Bao-Quan AiXiao-Miao Zhang
May 21, 2020·Soft Matter·Shravan Pradeep, Lilian C Hsiao
Oct 16, 2016·Physical Review. E·Iker ZuriguelAngel Garcimartín
Jan 16, 2019·Scientific Reports·Alexandre NicolasCécile Appert-Rolland
Feb 15, 2019·Proceedings. Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences·L A FullardG Lube
May 17, 2017·Physical Review. E·R C HidalgoI Zuriguel
Jan 20, 2018·Physical Review. E·I M SticcoC O Dorso
Sep 27, 2018·Physical Review. E·A Vamsi Krishna ReddyJulian Talbot
Aug 25, 2018·Physical Review Letters·C Reichhardt, C J O Reichhardt
Sep 15, 2016·Physical Review. E·Alexandre NicolasMarcelo N Kuperman
Sep 9, 2017·Scientific Reports·A GarcimartínI Zuriguel
Oct 3, 2019·Physical Review. E·Gerta KösterAngelika Kneidl
Feb 17, 2018·Physical Review. E·R C HidalgoI Pagonabarraga
May 26, 2018·Physical Review Letters·Alexandre NicolasIker Zuriguel
Jun 16, 2018·Scientific Reports·Daniel R ParisiIker Zuriguel

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