Exploiting Nanobodies' Singular Traits

Annual Review of Immunology
Jessica R IngramHidde L Ploegh

Abstract

The unique class of heavy chain-only antibodies, present in Camelidae, can be shrunk to just the variable region of the heavy chain to yield VHHs, also called nanobodies. About one-tenth the size of their full-size counterparts, nanobodies can serve in applications similar to those for conventional antibodies, but they come with a number of signature advantages that find increasing application in biology. They not only function as crystallization chaperones but also can be expressed inside cells as such, or fused to other proteins to perturb the function of their targets, for example, by enforcing their localization or degradation. Their small size also affords advantages when applied in vivo, for example, in imaging applications. Here we review such applications, with particular emphasis on those areas where conventional antibodies would face a more challenging environment.

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray
immunoprecipitation
glycosylation
biopsies
fluorescence-activated cell sorting
phage display
transfection
FACS
PCR
electron microscopy

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