Exploiting tRNAs to Boost Virulence

Life
Suki Albers, Andreas Czech

Abstract

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are powerful small RNA entities that are used to translate nucleotide language of genes into the amino acid language of proteins. Their near-uniform length and tertiary structure as well as their high nucleotide similarity and post-transcriptional modifications have made it difficult to characterize individual species quantitatively. However, due to the central role of the tRNA pool in protein biosynthesis as well as newly emerging roles played by tRNAs, their quantitative assessment yields important information, particularly relevant for virus research. Viruses which depend on the host protein expression machinery have evolved various strategies to optimize tRNA usage-either by adapting to the host codon usage or encoding their own tRNAs. Additionally, several viruses bear tRNA-like elements (TLE) in the 5'- and 3'-UTR of their mRNAs. There are different hypotheses concerning the manner in which such structures boost viral protein expression. Furthermore, retroviruses use special tRNAs for packaging and initiating reverse transcription of their genetic material. Since there is a strong specificity of different viruses towards certain tRNAs, different strategies for recruitment are employed. Interestingly,...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 13, 2019·Cells·Mariana MarquesDaniela Ribeiro
Sep 19, 2019·Acta Physiologica·Chunsheng ZhuZheng Zhou
Jul 1, 2020·Annual Review of Virology·Wesley D PennSuchetana Mukhopadhyay
Feb 24, 2019·Viruses·Sergio Morgado, Ana Carolina Vicente
Aug 7, 2020·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA·Huy-Dung HoangTommy Alain
Jun 24, 2018·Trends in Cell Biology·Andrea J Schorn, Rob Martienssen
Jul 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Olga A PostnikovaT Michael Redmond
Aug 28, 2021·Microorganisms·Shazeeda KoonjanAnders S Nilsson

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
aminoacylation
cleavage assay
NMR
X-ray

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