Exploring Iron Withholding by the Innate Immune Protein Human Calprotectin

Accounts of Chemical Research
Emily M Zygiel, Elizabeth M Nolan

Abstract

Calprotectin (CP) is a versatile player in the metal-withholding innate immune response, a process termed "nutritional immunity." CP is a heterooligomer of the polypeptides S100A8 and S100A9 and houses two transition-metal-binding sites at its S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer interface. During infection, CP is released from host cells and sequesters "bioavailable" transition metal ions in the extracellular space, thereby preventing microbial acquisition of these essential nutrients. For many years, the role of CP in nutritional immunity was interpreted in the contexts of Mn(II) and Zn(II) limitation, but recent work has broadened our understanding of its contributions to this process. We uncovered that CP provides a form of nutritional immunity that has previously received little attention: the battle between host and microbe for ferrous iron (Fe(II)). In this Account, we present our current understanding of Fe(II) coordination by CP and its role in Fe(II) withholding as well as considerations for future discovery. Nutritional immunity was first described in the context of host-microbe competition for ferric iron (Fe(III)). The battle for Fe(II) has received comparably little attention because the abundance of Fe(II) at infection site...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 18, 2020·Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology·Yifan ZhangDavid P Giedroc
Dec 5, 2020·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Emily M ZygielElizabeth M Nolan
Oct 27, 2021·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Robert SilversElizabeth M Nolan

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