Exploring the Association of Hypertension With Risk for Depression: Evidence for Tamed Neurobehavioral Arousal Versus Central Emotional Dysregulation

Psychosomatic Medicine
Christoph Herrmann-Lingen, Mustafa alʼAbsi

Abstract

Depression is an established predictor of adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes. Less is known about cardiovascular risk factors as predictors of depression. In this issue of Psychosomatic Medicine (2018;80:508-514), Patel et al. report data indicating that pre-existing hypertension may be inversely associated with the atypical but not typical form of depression. We highlight here the strengths and limitations of the article and discuss the findings in light of research linking blood pressure and emotion regulation. In general, evidence suggests that higher blood pressure is associated with reduced expression of negative emotions and pain. Two prominent models of interaction have been proposed and supported by epidemiological and experimental research: one assumes that elevations in blood pressure lead to reduced arousal and pain sensitivity through baroreceptor activation and possibly additional afferent mechanisms. Operant conditioning may then result in (chronic) hypertension. The other one posits that impaired emotion processing as indicated by dampened emotion recognition may lead to disinhibition of hypothalamic centers and thereby result in sustained increases in blood pressure. These models are described in context of...Continue Reading

References

Nov 1, 1988·Hypertension·S GhioneE Panattoni
Apr 1, 1993·Biological Psychology·J A McCubbin
Jul 17, 2001·Biological Psychology·H Rau, T Elbert
Dec 20, 2002·Nature·Kevin J Tracey
Mar 24, 2006·Psychosomatic Medicine·Mustafa al'AbsiLorentz Wittmers
Jul 31, 2009·Lancet·Alex J MitchellSanjay Rao
Jun 26, 2013·Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine·James A McCubbinJulian F Thayer
Aug 24, 2017·Psychosomatic Medicine·Mustafa alʼAbsi
Dec 20, 2017·Circulation·Shakira F SugliaUNKNOWN American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council o
May 10, 2018·Psychosomatic Medicine·James A McCubbinFred S Switzer

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Citations

Aug 26, 2020·Scientific Reports·Adrián YorisLucas Sedeño
Jun 7, 2020·International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·James A McCubbinVijay Bendigeri

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