Exploring the effect of hypertension on retinal microvasculature using deep learning on East Asian population

PloS One
Guangzheng DaiChenguang Zhang

Abstract

Hypertension is the leading risk factor of cardiovascular disease and has profound effects on both the structure and function of the microvasculature. Abnormalities of the retinal vasculature may reflect the degree of microvascular damage due to hypertension, and these changes can be detected with fundus photographs. This study aimed to use deep learning technique that can detect subclinical features appearing below the threshold of a human observer to explore the effect of hypertension on morphological features of retinal microvasculature. We collected 2012 retinal photographs which included 1007 from patients with a diagnosis of hypertension and 1005 from normotensive control. By method of vessel segmentation, we removed interference information other than retinal vasculature and contained only morphological information about blood vessels. Using these segmented images, we trained a small convolutional neural networks (CNN) classification model and used a deep learning technique called Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) to generate heat maps for the class "hypertension". Our model achieved an accuracy of 60.94%, a specificity of 51.54%, a precision of 59.27%, and a recall of 70.48%. The AUC was 0.6506. In t...Continue Reading

References

Oct 1, 1979·The Journal of General Physiology·M ZamirT K Cunningham
Oct 7, 1976·Journal of Theoretical Biology·M Zamir
Aug 20, 2002·The British Journal of Ophthalmology·T Y WongJ M Tielsch
Jun 26, 2003·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Harry LeungPaul Mitchell
Oct 28, 2003·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Tien Yin WongLarry D Hubbard
Feb 19, 2004·Annals of Internal Medicine·Tien Yin WongUNKNOWN Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Apr 16, 2004·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·Joes StaalBram van Ginneken
Jun 4, 2004·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Tien Yin WongLarry D Hubbard
Dec 29, 2005·Hypertension·M Kamran IkramPaulus T V M de Jong
Mar 21, 2007·Hypertension·Paul MitchellTien Y Wong
Oct 19, 2007·European Heart Journal·Harry A J Struijker-BoudierJean-Luc Vanoverschelde
May 13, 2008·American Journal of Epidemiology·Jie Jin WangPaul Mitchell
May 16, 2009·Current Hypertension Reports·François FeihlBernard Waeber
Aug 15, 2009·Journal of Hypertension·Ryo KawasakiTien Y Wong
Feb 11, 2010·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Jorge Cuadros, George Bresnick
Feb 19, 2010·Microcirculation : the Official Journal of the Microcirculatory Society, Inc·Yusuke TanabeHidetoshi Yamashita
Mar 20, 2010·Diabetes Care·Muhammad Bayu SasongkoTien Y Wong
Apr 23, 2010·Journal of Hypertension·Bamini GopinathPaul Mitchell
Dec 15, 2010·Ophthalmology·Carol Yim-Lui CheungTien Yin Wong
May 12, 2011·Journal of Hypertension·Carol Y CheungTien Y Wong
Oct 7, 2011·Microcirculation : the Official Journal of the Microcirculatory Society, Inc·W David StrainAngela C Shore
Dec 30, 2011·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Emil D KurniawanTien Yin Wong
Jul 31, 2012·American Journal of Ophthalmology·Carol Y CheungTien Yin Wong
Jun 22, 2013·Journal of Hypertension·Chelvin C A SngTien Y Wong
May 29, 2015·Nature·Yann LeCunGeoffrey Hinton
Oct 5, 2016·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Michael David AbràmoffMeindert Niemeijer
Nov 30, 2016·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Varun GulshanDale R Webster
Mar 30, 2017·Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing·Qaisar AbbasPedro Alemany
Apr 1, 2017·Ophthalmology·Rishab Gargeya, Theodore Leng
Feb 17, 2018·Circulation·Zengwu WangUNKNOWN China Hypertension Survey Investigators
Apr 25, 2019·Nature Biomedical Engineering·Ryan PoplinDale R Webster

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

Google Inceptionv3
GitHub
Windows10

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cardiovascular Disease Pathophysiology

Cardiovascular disease involves several different processes that contribute to the pathological mechanism, including hyperglycemia, inflammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension and more. Vasculature stability plays a critical role in the development of the disease. Discover the latest research on cardiovascular disease pathophysiology here.