Exploring the linkage among energy intensity, carbon emission and urbanization in Pakistan: fresh evidence from ecological modernization and environment transition theories.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
Syed Ale Raza ShahSofia Anwar

Abstract

This study uses ecological modernization and environmental transition theories to estimate the interaction among energy intensity, carbon emission and urbanization for the period of 1980-2017. We have systematically examined the empirical connections among emission, urbanization, income per capita, imports, exports, energy use, trade openness and energy intensity. The Johnson co-integration and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) causality methods are employed for the sake of analysis. Overall findings confirm the dynamic and U-shaped relationship between emission and urbanization, and carbon emission and income per capita. The empirical results of urbanization, inflation and financial development illustrate positive association with the energy intensity, whereas trade openness, labour force participation and carbon emission show a negative association with the dependent variable. Moreover, outcomes of causality analysis provide evidence of varied causality link among the variables across the models. The study provides the implications for the decision makers in Pakistan to choose new urbanization patterns that are less reliant on energy consumption.

References

Mar 18, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Hamisu Sadi AliTalha Ibrahim Zannah
Jul 16, 2017·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Thiri Shwesin AungEhsan Rasoulinezhad
Jan 23, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Muhammad HafeezLiu Jie
Sep 13, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Syed Anees Haider ZaidiFaisal Mehmood Mirza
Oct 26, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Yulan LvSuleman Sarwar
Apr 17, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Suleman Sarwar

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Citations

Jan 5, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Muntasir MurshedAdiba Ansarin
Jun 12, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Usman Mehmood, Amal Mansoor
Oct 16, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Shi-Zheng HuangFengsheng Chien

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