Exposure of ground-rig applicators to the herbicide bromoxynil applied as a 1:1 mixture of butyrate and octanoate

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Allan J Cessna, R Grover

Abstract

Bromoxynil is a herbicide used extensively on the Canadian prairies for weed control in cereal production. This is a report on exposure to and absorption of bromoxynil by farmers during handling, transferring, mixing, and then applying the herbicide to cereal crops using tractor-drawn ground-rigs. The 14 individual spray operations, in which farmers applied 9 kg of bromoxynil (phenol equivalent, p.e.) to 32 ha, lasted from 113 to 549 min and involved one to five tank fills. In five of the spray operations, the farmers wore neoprene gauntlet-style protective gloves. Tractors, equipped with cabs, were used in nine spray operations.Air sampling, hand washes, and dermal patch dosimeters served as the basis to calculate the amount of bromoxynil (p.e.) available for inhalation, deposition on the hands, and deposition under a standardized set of protective clothing. Tractors, equipped with cabs, decreased inhalation exposure by a factor of approximately 10. Use of gauntlet-style neoprene protective gloves decreased dermal exposure to the hands region of the body by 25 times, whereas two layers of laundered cotton provided a protective effect of > 15 in the chest region. The median value for the amount of bromoxynil (p.e.) inhaled was ...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 26, 2003·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Karen M SemchukDonald G Irvine
Sep 17, 2004·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Karen SemchukDonald Irvine
Mar 17, 2007·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Karen M SemchukDonald G Irvine
Mar 28, 2009·Pest Management Science·David NuyttensBart Sonck
Jul 3, 2013·Pest Management Science·BeiBei GaoDongMei She
May 27, 2015·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Mei-Ai ZhaoJeong-Han Kim

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