Exposure to fluconazole and risk of congenital malformations in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Reproductive Toxicology
Abdulaziz M S AlsaadGideon Koren

Abstract

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects up to 75% of women at least once during their lifetime, mostly during the reproductive age, and recurrence rate is about 50%. Because half of all pregnancies are unplanned and pregnant women have an increased risk of VVC recurrence, the likelihood of inadvertently being exposed to fluconazole in pregnancy is increased. Thus, we aimed to examine the risk of congenital malformations in the offspring of women exposed to fluconazole in the first trimester of pregnancy. The rate for overall malformations was 1.10 (95% CI 0.98-1.25), for heart defect was 1.29 (95% CI 1.05-1.58), for craniofacial defects was 1.25 (95% CI 0.88-1.77), and for limb/musculoskeletal defects was 0.82 (95% CI 0.59-1.13). In conclusion, the use of fluconazole in the first trimester does not appear to increase the overall risk for congennital malformations. More studies are needed to address the potential increased rate of heart defects.

References

Dec 1, 1992·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·B E LeeA R Murthy
Feb 1, 1996·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·T J PursleyJ A Bartley
Dec 1, 1996·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·P MastroiacovoD Fusco
Mar 21, 1998·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·J D SobelP R Summers
Sep 24, 1998·British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·L V WiltonR D Mann
Feb 25, 1999·Pharmacotherapy·S S Jick
Feb 15, 2002·BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·Margaret C WatsonAnne Ludbrook
Nov 3, 2005·Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology·Elena Lopez-Rangel, Margot Isham Van Allen
Jun 15, 2007·Lancet·Jack D Sobel
Apr 11, 2008·The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy·Mette NørgaardHenrik Toft Sørensen
Oct 25, 2011·Contraception·Lawrence B Finer, Mia R Zolna
Aug 30, 2013·The New England Journal of Medicine·Ditte Mølgaard-NielsenAnders Hviid

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 7, 2016·Clinics in Dermatology·Robert R MülleggerMartin Glatz
Dec 8, 2015·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·Meredith M HowleyUNKNOWN National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Feb 5, 2016·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Daan R M G OpheldersTim G A M Wolfs
Sep 19, 2016·European Journal of Medical Genetics·Matteo CassinaMaurizio Clementi
Aug 26, 2019·BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·Z ZhangH-Y Jiang
Nov 7, 2019·International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics : the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·Dan LiuLingli Zhang
Sep 5, 2020·International Journal of STD & AIDS·Guideline Development Group Cara Saxon Lead AuthorMark FitzGerald Ceg Editor
Jan 1, 2021·Reproductive Toxicology·Maria Cristina BudaniGian Mario Tiboni

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Birth Defects

Birth defects encompass structural and functional alterations that occur during embryonic or fetal development and are present since birth. The cause may be genetic, environmental or unknown and can result in physical and/or mental impairment. Here is the latest research on birth defects.

Candidiasis (ASM)

Candidiasis is a common fungal infection caused by Candida and it can affect many parts for the body including mucosal membranes as well as the gastrointestinal, urinary, and respiratory tracts. Here is the latest research.

Candida albicans

Candida albicans is an opportunistic, fungal pathogen of humans that frequently causes superficial infections of oral and vaginal mucosal surfaces of debilitated and susceptible individuals. Discover the latest research on Candida albicans here.

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a common fungal infection caused by Candida and it can affect many parts for the body including mucosal membranes as well as the gastrointestinal, urinary, and respiratory tracts. Here is the latest research.