Exposure to Mycotoxin-Mixtures via Breast Milk: An Ultra-Sensitive LC-MS/MS Biomonitoring Approach

Frontiers in Chemistry
Dominik BraunBenedikt Warth

Abstract

Exposure to natural food contaminants during infancy may influence health consequences later in life. Hence, breast milk may serve as a vehicle to transport these contaminants, including mycotoxins, from mothers to their infants. Analytical methods mostly focused on single exposures in the past, thus neglecting co-occurrences and mixture effects. Here, we present a highly sensitive multi-biomarker approach by a sophisticated combination of steps during sample preparation including a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction followed by a solid phase extraction (SPE) cleanup and utilizing stable isotopes for compensating challenging matrix effects. The assay was validated in-house, reaching limits of detection (LOD) for all 34 analytes in the range of 0.1 to 300 ng/L with satisfying extraction efficiencies (75-109%) and stable intermediate precisions (1-18%) for most analytes. Compared to a similar multi-mycotoxin assay for breast milk, LOD values were decreased by a factor of 2-60x enabling the assessment of chronic low-dose exposures. The new method was applied to a small set of Nigerian breast milk samples (n = 3) to compare results with already published data. Concentration levels of samples that w...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Nov 4, 2020·Toxins·Alessia BerteroFrancesca Caloni
Jan 21, 2021·Toxins·Ludmila KřížováTomáš Kašparovský
Jul 30, 2021·Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety·Georg AichingerDoris Marko
Dec 22, 2021·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Magdaléna KrausováBenedikt Warth

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
AFM

Software Mentioned

[UNK]
Analyst
MultiQuant
[UNK] Chromatography Data System

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