Exposure to PM2.5 and Blood Lead Level in Two Populations in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Undarmaa EnkhbatD'Ann L Williams

Abstract

Approximately 60% of the households in Ulaanbaatar live in gers (a traditional Mongolian dwelling) in districts outside the legal limits of the city, without access to basic infrastructure, such as water, sewage systems, central heating, and paved roads, in contrast to apartment residents. This stark difference in living conditions creates different public health challenges for Ulaanbaatar residents. Through this research study we aim to test our hypothesis that women living in gers burning coal in traditional stoves for cooking and heating during the winter are exposed to higher concentrations of airborne PM2.5 than women living in apartments in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, and this exposure may include exposures to lead in coal with effects on blood lead levels. This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 50 women, 40-60 years of age, from these two settings. Air sampling was carried out during peak cooking and heating times, 5:00 p.m.-11:00 p.m., using a direct-reading instrument (TSI SidePak™) and integrated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters using the SKC Personal Environmental Monitor. Blood lead level (BLL) was measured using a LeadCare II rapid field test method. In our study population, measured PM2.5 geometric mean ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 18, 2016·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Howard W Mielke
Apr 13, 2018·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Xuemeng SunHoward W Mielke
Nov 15, 2018·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Miyoung LimKiyoung Lee

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
light scattering
light-scattering
blood collection
blood

Software Mentioned

STATA

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