Expression of cAMP and cGMP-phosphodiesterase isoenzymes 3, 4, and 5 in the human clitoris: immunohistochemical and molecular biology study

Urology
M OelkeS Ückert

Abstract

Only a little research has focused on the evaluation of female sexual function. With sexual stimulation, the clitoris becomes engorged with blood and tumescent. Nevertheless, only little is known about the significance of the cyclic nucleotide-mediated signal transduction in the control of this process. We sought to elucidate the presence of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes 3, 4, and 5 in the human clitoris using immunohistochemical and molecular biology methods. Thin sections of clitoral specimens were incubated with primary antibodies directed against PDE isoenzymes 3, 4, and 5. Next, the sections were incubated with either Texas red or fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled secondary antibodies, and visualization was done using laser microscopy. The expression of mRNA encoding for various PDE isoenzymes was evaluated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Immunofluorescence indicating the presence of PDE4 (cyclic adenosine monophosphate-PDE) was observed in the nonvascular smooth musculature of the corpus cavernosum clitoris, sinusoidal endothelial and subendothelial layers, and nerve fibers innervating the tissue. Immunoreactivity specific for PDE5 (cyclic guanosine monophosphate-PDE) was limited to the sm...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 13, 2007·International Journal of Impotence Research·P SandnerE Bischoff
Feb 24, 2010·World Journal of Urology·Gianna PaceCarlo Vicentini
Aug 4, 2011·The Journal of Sexual Medicine·Stefan ÜckertPetter Hedlund
Dec 2, 2008·The Journal of Sexual Medicine·Mukadder KoçakSule Güngör
Nov 6, 2010·The Journal of Sexual Medicine·Francois GiulianoKim Wallen
May 25, 2012·The Journal of Sexual Medicine·Laura S LeddyKenneth R Maravilla
Sep 11, 2007·Drug Discovery Today·Alan D BrownDavid S Reynolds
Jan 6, 2011·Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets·Ibrahim A Abdel-HamidAndrea Salonia
Apr 9, 2009·Nature Reviews. Urology·Corina Schoen, Gloria Bachmann

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