Expression of lymphatic markers during avian and mouse cardiogenesis.

The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology
Ganga KarunamuniMichiko Watanabe

Abstract

The adult heart has been reported to have an extensive lymphatic system, yet the development of this important system during cardiogenesis is still largely unexplored. The nuclear-localized transcription factor Prox-1 identified a sheet of Prox-1-positive cells on the developing aorta and pulmonary trunk in avian and murine embryos just before septation of the four heart chambers. The cells coalesced into a branching lymphatic network that spread within the epicardium to cover the heart. These vessels eventually expressed the lymphatic markers LYVE-1, VEGFR-3, and podoplanin. Before the Prox-1-positive cells were detected in the mouse epicardium, LYVE-1, a homologue of the CD44 glycoprotein, was primarily expressed in individual epicardial cells. Similar staining patterns were observed for CD44 in avian embryos. The proximity of these LYVE-1/CD44-positive mesenchymal cells to Prox-1-positive vessels suggests that they may become incorporated into the lymphatics. Unexpectedly, we detected LYVE-1/PECAM/VEGFR-3-positive vessels within the embryonic and adult myocardium, which remained Prox-1/podoplanin-negative. Lymphatic markers were surprisingly found in adult rat and embryonic mouse epicardial cell lines, with Prox-1 also exhib...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 5, 2014·TheScientificWorldJournal·A RatajskaD Radomska-Lesniewska
Jul 4, 2012·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·A FlahtA Ratajska
Apr 5, 2014·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Aleksandra Flaht-ZabostAnna Ratajska
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Oct 20, 2018·Nature Reviews. Cardiology·Ebba Brakenhielm, Kari Alitalo

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