Expression of the differentiated phenotype by epithelial cells in vitro is regulated by both biochemistry and mechanics of the substratum

Developmental Biology
M Opas

Abstract

In this paper I sought to determine how the expression of differentiated traits of chick retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro can be modulated by varying both the biochemical and the spatial complexity, and the mechanical properties, of the growth substratum. I have used glass derivatized with proteins of a basement membrane extract (nondeformable, two-dimensional substratum) and gels of reconstituted basement membrane extract (viscoelastic, three-dimensional substratum). These two biochemically similar substrata were compared to an inert substratum (untreated glass) and to the native basement membrane of the RPE, i.e., Bruch's Membrane. With immunofluorescence microscopy, I have shown that RPE cells, given space, will spread on their native basement membrane and form stress fibres and focal contacts, analogous to the stress fibres and integrin-, talin-, and vinculin-containing focal contacts of the cells grown on glass. Therefore, the stress fibres and focal contacts present in cultured cells are not artifacts of growth in vitro, but are a natural cellular response to the nondeformability of commonly used tissue culture substrata. The proteins of the basement membrane promote expression of some of the differentiat...Continue Reading

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